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We are analyzing https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22622-1.

Title:
DNase II mediates a parthanatos-like developmental cell death pathway in Drosophila primordial germ cells | Nature Communications
Description:
During Drosophila embryonic development, cell death eliminates 30% of the primordial germ cells (PGCs). Inhibiting apoptosis does not prevent PGC death, suggesting a divergence from the conventional apoptotic program. Here, we demonstrate that PGCs normally activate an intrinsic alternative cell death (ACD) pathway mediated by DNase II release from lysosomes, leading to nuclear translocation and subsequent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs activate the DNA damage-sensing enzyme, Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the ATR/Chk1 branch of the DNA damage response. PARP-1 and DNase II engage in a positive feedback amplification loop mediated by the release of PAR polymers from the nucleus and the nuclear accumulation of DNase II in an AIF- and CypA-dependent manner, ultimately resulting in PGC death. Given the anatomical and molecular similarities with an ACD pathway called parthanatos, these findings reveal a parthanatos-like cell death pathway active during Drosophila development. Caspase independent alternative cell death (ACD) pathways exist, but have been largely investigated under non-physiological conditions. Here, the authors show that Drosophila primordial germ cells normally elicit DNase II-dependent DNA damage, triggering a parthanatos-like ACD pathway.
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Keywords {🔍}

death, pgcs, pgc, cell, embryos, dnase, pubmed, fig, article, aif, google, scholar, cas, drosophila, dna, midline, mutant, dying, number, knockdown, nuclear, supplementary, cells, surviving, par, central, pathway, parp, embryo, levels, ectopically, data, parthanatos, pgcspecific, translocation, gonadal, stained, shown, ddr, development, examined, apoptosis, scale, bars, presented, note, bound, dnaseii, activation, protein,

Topics {✒️}

nature portfolio privacy policy keren yacobi-sharon & eli arama c-terminal twin-strep-tag advertising dna double-strand breaks social media nature 410 nature heat-inducible 70i-crei transgene pgc death index author information authors peer review reports reprints n-terminal flag-tag wunens-dependent lipotoxicity-induced lmp dnase ii-type breaks full-length drosophila orf maternal driver nos-gal4-vp16 quick-rna microprep kit top i-mediated ligation article tarayrah-ibraheim vps18p homolog deep-orange formalin-fixed tissue sections germ cell-autonomous wunen2 european research council peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain reporting summary real-time quantitative pcr cypa-aif-dnase ii complex real-time pcr analysis stem/progenitor cell homeostasis strep-tactin sepharose resin sex‐independent regulatory systems dna damage-sensing enzyme p-element insertions disrupting long-range axonal transport nos-gal4-vp16 driver42 dna fragmentation/damage constitutes lipid phosphate phosphatases strep-tag pulldown cells target uas-based transgenes disease-related rna-binding proteins flag-tagged dnase ii mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor full length orfs pgc-specific ectopic expression pgc-specific parp1 knockdown pro-apoptotic gene bax histone variant h2av

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         description:During Drosophila embryonic development, cell death eliminates 30% of the primordial germ cells (PGCs). Inhibiting apoptosis does not prevent PGC death, suggesting a divergence from the conventional apoptotic program. Here, we demonstrate that PGCs normally activate an intrinsic alternative cell death (ACD) pathway mediated by DNase II release from lysosomes, leading to nuclear translocation and subsequent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs activate the DNA damage-sensing enzyme, Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the ATR/Chk1 branch of the DNA damage response. PARP-1 and DNase II engage in a positive feedback amplification loop mediated by the release of PAR polymers from the nucleus and the nuclear accumulation of DNase II in an AIF- and CypA-dependent manner, ultimately resulting in PGC death. Given the anatomical and molecular similarities with an ACD pathway called parthanatos, these findings reveal a parthanatos-like cell death pathway active during Drosophila development. Caspase independent alternative cell death (ACD) pathways exist, but have been largely investigated under non-physiological conditions. Here, the authors show that Drosophila primordial germ cells normally elicit DNase II-dependent DNA damage, triggering a parthanatos-like ACD pathway.
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      headline:DNase II mediates a parthanatos-like developmental cell death pathway in Drosophila primordial germ cells
      description:During Drosophila embryonic development, cell death eliminates 30% of the primordial germ cells (PGCs). Inhibiting apoptosis does not prevent PGC death, suggesting a divergence from the conventional apoptotic program. Here, we demonstrate that PGCs normally activate an intrinsic alternative cell death (ACD) pathway mediated by DNase II release from lysosomes, leading to nuclear translocation and subsequent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs activate the DNA damage-sensing enzyme, Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the ATR/Chk1 branch of the DNA damage response. PARP-1 and DNase II engage in a positive feedback amplification loop mediated by the release of PAR polymers from the nucleus and the nuclear accumulation of DNase II in an AIF- and CypA-dependent manner, ultimately resulting in PGC death. Given the anatomical and molecular similarities with an ACD pathway called parthanatos, these findings reveal a parthanatos-like cell death pathway active during Drosophila development. Caspase independent alternative cell death (ACD) pathways exist, but have been largely investigated under non-physiological conditions. Here, the authors show that Drosophila primordial germ cells normally elicit DNase II-dependent DNA damage, triggering a parthanatos-like ACD pathway.
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