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We are analyzing https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-020-0230-3.

Title:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Description:
‘Reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) is an umbrella term for an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur as a normal attribute of aerobic life. Elevated formation of the different ROS leads to molecular damage, denoted as ‘oxidative distress’. Here we focus on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as ‘oxidative eustress’. Two species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide anion radical (O2·−), are key redox signalling agents generated under the control of growth factors and cytokines by more than 40 enzymes, prominently including NADPH oxidases and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H2O2 is the major agent signalling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulation and stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environment and stress. In addition, several other reactive species are involved in redox signalling, for instance nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxidized lipids. Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecular interactions of specific ROS molecules with specific targets in redox signalling pathways. Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of these oxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageing and cancer. In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular mass antioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiation and progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future of more refined redox medicine. This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and nuclear factor-κB, the role of trace elements such as selenium, the use of redox drugs and the modulation of environmental factors collectively known as the exposome (for example, nutrition, lifestyle and irradiation). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were originally associated with cellular damage and disease. However, ROS, notably hydrogen peroxide, at low physiological levels also engage in physiological signalling, supporting cellular responses and adaptation to changing environments and stress. Accordingly, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways offers new perspectives for a more refined redox medicine.
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Keywords {🔍}

pubmed, article, google, scholar, cas, redox, central, biol, cell, stress, oxidative, signaling, signal, antioxid, reactive, oxygen, mitochondrial, med, species, ros, free, chem, rev, regulation, role, mol, nature, protein, nat, hydrogen, radic, signalling, peroxide, cancer, biology, disease, molecular, cellular, sies, cells, biochem, homeostasis, physiol, aging, proteins, system, sci, ageing, mechanisms, res,

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nature portfolio journals nature portfolio privacy policy bioenergetic health index middle-aged brain advertising thiol-based sensor-effector apparatus redox language rel/nf-kappab transcription factors social media generous research support reprints author information authors research work contributed aquaporin-facilitated transmembrane diffusion nf-kappab transcription factor voltage-gated potassium channels myeloid-derived suppressor cells egf-triggered phosphorylation cascades diabetic end-organ damage publishing agreement biphasic dose-response phenomenon nox4-dependent neuronal autotoxicity nature+ nature 461 nature 415 nature 352 nature 568 nature 571 nature 576 nature 425 nature research trends nrf2-keap1 response system quantitative tissue-specific landscape cytokine-mediated signal transduction cancer research moonlighting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase o-glcnac signaling pathways keap1-nrf2 system activation endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contactology personal data ageing research �nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain accepted manuscript version central nervous system prevent ros-mediated inhibition oxidative post-translational modifications review bridging immunology peer review

Questions {❓}

  • Redox regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes: ROS as trigger or effector?
  • Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical therapeutic approach?
  • What is the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in blood and plasma?
  • Which antioxidant system shapes intracellular H2O2 gradients?

Schema {🗺️}

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