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Systemic and local immune responses in sheep after Neospora caninum experimental infection at early, mid and late gestation | Veterinary Research | Full Text
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Besides its importance in cattle, Neospora caninum may also pose a high risk as abortifacient for small ruminants. We have recently demonstrated that the outcome of experimental infection of pregnant sheep with 106 Nc-Spain7 tachyzoites is strongly dependent on the time of gestation. In the current study, we assessed peripheral and local immune response in those animals. Serological analysis revealed earlier and higher IFN-γ and IgG responses in ewes infected at early (G1) and mid (G2) gestation, when abortion occurred. IL-4 was not detected in sera from any sheep. Inflammatory infiltrates in the placenta mainly consisted of CD8+ and, to a lesser extent, CD4+ T cells and macrophages (CD163+). The infiltrate was more intense in sheep infected at mid-gestation. In the foetal mesenchyme, mostly free tachyzoites were found in animals infected at G1, while those infected in G2 displayed predominantly particulate antigen, and parasitophorous vacuoles were detected in sheep infected at G3. A similar pattern of placental cytokine mRNA expression was found in all groups, displaying a strengthened upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-4 and milder increases of TNF-α and IL-10, reminiscent of a mixed Th1 and Th2 response. IL-12 and IL-6 were only slightly upregulated in G2, and TGF-β was downregulated in G1 and G2, suggestive of limited T regulatory (Treg) cell activity. No significant expression of TLR2 or TLR4 could be detected. In summary, this study confirms the pivotal role of systemic and local immune responses at different times of gestation during N. caninum infection in sheep.
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caninum, pubmed, article, levels, cells, infection, infected, immune, gestation, foetal, google, scholar, expression, neospora, parasite, placenta, ifnγ, response, cattle, found, ewes, tlr, cas, groups, control, sheep, cytokine, group, responses, experimental, showed, differences, figure, mrna, placentas, animals, antigen, significant, day, early, number, lesions, higher, analysis, maternal, compared, study, igg, neosporosis, observed,
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springer nature poly-l-lysine coated slides luis miguel ortega-mora evident ifn-γ-biased response housekeeping gene β-actin β-actin mrna expression placental ifn-γ/il-4 ratio parametric kruskal–wallis test th2-type immune response β-actin gene expression caninum-specific ifn-γ authors scientific editing quantitative real-time pcr local immune-mediated component safeguard foetal viability determine foetal viability cytokine real-time pcr author information authors th2-biased cytokine response high ifn-γ levels additional files 13567_2015_290_moesm1_esm total rna/cdna equivalent materials figures tgf-β expression levels real-time pcr reactions article arranz-solís box-plot graphs representing th1-biased immune response materno-foetal interface revealed maximum ifn-γ levels pro-inflammatory cytokine production privacy choices/manage cookies early ifn-γ production specific igg levels ifn-γ/il-4 ratio bmc g2 ifn-γ response full size image receptor transcript expression research grant le253u13 balanced ifn-γ/il-4 ortega-mora lm increased igg levels igg levels increased toxoplasma gondii infections foetal viability animal health department creative commons license dubey jp
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headline:Systemic and local immune responses in sheep after Neospora caninum experimental infection at early, mid and late gestation
description:Besides its importance in cattle, Neospora caninum may also pose a high risk as abortifacient for small ruminants. We have recently demonstrated that the outcome of experimental infection of pregnant sheep with 106 Nc-Spain7 tachyzoites is strongly dependent on the time of gestation. In the current study, we assessed peripheral and local immune response in those animals. Serological analysis revealed earlier and higher IFN-γ and IgG responses in ewes infected at early (G1) and mid (G2) gestation, when abortion occurred. IL-4 was not detected in sera from any sheep. Inflammatory infiltrates in the placenta mainly consisted of CD8+ and, to a lesser extent, CD4+ T cells and macrophages (CD163+). The infiltrate was more intense in sheep infected at mid-gestation. In the foetal mesenchyme, mostly free tachyzoites were found in animals infected at G1, while those infected in G2 displayed predominantly particulate antigen, and parasitophorous vacuoles were detected in sheep infected at G3. A similar pattern of placental cytokine mRNA expression was found in all groups, displaying a strengthened upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-4 and milder increases of TNF-α and IL-10, reminiscent of a mixed Th1 and Th2 response. IL-12 and IL-6 were only slightly upregulated in G2, and TGF-β was downregulated in G1 and G2, suggestive of limited T regulatory (Treg) cell activity. No significant expression of TLR2 or TLR4 could be detected. In summary, this study confirms the pivotal role of systemic and local immune responses at different times of gestation during N. caninum infection in sheep.
datePublished:2016-01-06T00:00:00Z
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Foetal Death
Infected Group
Parasite Burden
Late Gestation
Foetal Viability
Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
Virology
Microbiology
Immunology
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headline:Systemic and local immune responses in sheep after Neospora caninum experimental infection at early, mid and late gestation
description:Besides its importance in cattle, Neospora caninum may also pose a high risk as abortifacient for small ruminants. We have recently demonstrated that the outcome of experimental infection of pregnant sheep with 106 Nc-Spain7 tachyzoites is strongly dependent on the time of gestation. In the current study, we assessed peripheral and local immune response in those animals. Serological analysis revealed earlier and higher IFN-γ and IgG responses in ewes infected at early (G1) and mid (G2) gestation, when abortion occurred. IL-4 was not detected in sera from any sheep. Inflammatory infiltrates in the placenta mainly consisted of CD8+ and, to a lesser extent, CD4+ T cells and macrophages (CD163+). The infiltrate was more intense in sheep infected at mid-gestation. In the foetal mesenchyme, mostly free tachyzoites were found in animals infected at G1, while those infected in G2 displayed predominantly particulate antigen, and parasitophorous vacuoles were detected in sheep infected at G3. A similar pattern of placental cytokine mRNA expression was found in all groups, displaying a strengthened upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-4 and milder increases of TNF-α and IL-10, reminiscent of a mixed Th1 and Th2 response. IL-12 and IL-6 were only slightly upregulated in G2, and TGF-β was downregulated in G1 and G2, suggestive of limited T regulatory (Treg) cell activity. No significant expression of TLR2 or TLR4 could be detected. In summary, this study confirms the pivotal role of systemic and local immune responses at different times of gestation during N. caninum infection in sheep.
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