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We began analyzing https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar2477, but it redirected us to https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar2477. The analysis below is for the second page.

Title[redir]:
TH-17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis | Arthritis Research & Therapy | Full Text
Description:
Introduction The aim of this study was to quantify the number of T-helper (TH)-17 cells present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) and to determine the level of interleukin (IL)-17 cytokine in RA, osteoarthritis (OA) and normal synovial tissue, as well as to examine SF macrophages for the presence of IL-23, IL-27 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Methods Peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells from normal and RA donors and mononuclear cells from RA SF were examined either without stimulation or after pretreatment with IL-23 followed by stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin (P/I). The abundance of TH-17 cells in RA SF was determined by flow cytometry. IL-17 levels were quantified in synovial tissue from RA, OA and normal individuals by ELISA and IL-23 was identified in SFs by ELISA. RA SF and control in vitro differentiated macrophages were either untreated or treated with the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand peptidoglycan, and then IL-23, IL-27 and IFN-γ mRNA levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Treatment with P/I alone or combined with IL-23 significantly increased the number of TH-17 cells in normal, RA PB and RA SF. With or without P/I plus IL-23, the percentage of TH-17 cells was higher in RA SF compared with normal and RA PB. IL-17 levels were comparable in OA and normal synovial tissues, and these values were significantly increased in RA synovial tissue. Although IL-17 was readily detected in RA SFs, IL-23 was rarely identified in RA SF. However, IL-23 mRNA was significantly increased in RA SF macrophages compared with control macrophages, with or without TLR2 ligation. IL-27 mRNA was also significantly higher in RA SF compared with control macrophages, but there was no difference in IL-27 levels between RA and control macrophages after TLR2 ligation. IFN-γ mRNA was also detectable in RA SF macrophages but not control macrophages and the increase of IFN-γ mRNA following TLR2 ligation was greater in RA SF macrophages compared with control macrophages. Conclusion These observations support a role for TH-17 cells in RA. Our observations do not strongly support a role for IL-23 in the generation of TH-17 cells in the RA joint, however, they suggest strategies that enhance IL-27 or IFN-γ might modulate the presence of TH-17 cells in RA.

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cells, macrophages, arthritis, article, pubmed, levels, normal, compared, google, scholar, ifnγ, control, cas, synovial, rheumatoid, increased, mrna, patients, human, expression, significantly, interleukin, joint, study, authors, sfs, tlr, taking, central, tissue, higher, role, data, pgn, figure, therapy, treatment, cell, fold, nature, mononuclear, results, percentage, observations, development, original, fluid, treated, ligation, helper,

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guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction allophycocyanin-conjugated monoclonal anti-cd3 springer nature author information authors transforming growth factor-beta introduction interleukin central nervous system ra synovial tissue references miossec normal synovial tissue anti-tumor necrosis factor materials active nuclear factor-kappab ra synovial fluid phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-il-17 obtain cell-free sf early rheumatoid arthritis authors scientific editing collagen-induced arthritis [11] synovial tissue authors’ original file privacy choices/manage cookies transforming growth factor synovial fluid real-time pcr bmc cell-cell contact page full size image normal synovial tissues ra synovial macrophages taking low-dose prednisone conducting destructive arthritis total cd4 population tlr ligand-activated monocytes ifn-γ mrna increased rheumatoid arthritis ifn-γ mrna levels abatacept abbreviations dmards ap-1 dependent pathway article shahrara arthritis research biomed central european economic area phorbol myristate acetate effective therapeutic target naive peripheral blood bristol-myers squibb dosages vary widely

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