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We are analyzing https://www.nature.com/articles/s41420-020-00391-y.

Title:
Desialylation of Atg5 by sialidase (Neu2) enhances autophagosome formation to induce anchorage-dependent cell death in ovarian cancer cells | Cell Death Discovery
Description:
Increased sialylation is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer (OC) but its relation with programmed cell death is not known. Here we explored the molecular interplay between autophagy, apoptosis/anoikis, and aberrant-expression of the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway in the context of sialidase. OC is accompanied by low expression of cytosolic sialidase (Neu2) and ~10-fold more α2,6- than α2,3-linked sialic acids found through qPCR, western blot, and flow cytometry. Interestingly, Neu2 overexpression cleaved α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids and reduced cell viability. Several autophagy-related molecules like LC3B/Atg3/Atg5/Atg7/Atg12/Atg16L1/Beclin1 were upregulated upon Neu2 overexpression. Atg5, a crucial protein for autophagosome formation, was desialylated by overexpressed Neu2. Desialylated Atg5 now showed enhanced association both with Atg12 and Atg16L1 leading to more autophagosome formation. Neu2-overexpressing cells exhibited extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis as reflected the in activation of Fas/FasL/FADD/Bid/caspase 8/caspase 6/caspase 3/PARP cleavage. There was also increased Bax, reduced Bcl2, and several cell-cycle molecules (CDK2/CDK4/CDK6/cyclin-B1/cyclin-E). Inhibition of autophagy using bafilomycin A1 or Beclin1 siRNA leads to reversal of Neu2-induced apoptosis suggesting their possible relationship. Additionally, overexpressed Neu2 inhibited growth factor-mediated signaling molecules involved in the PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway probably through their desialylation. Furthermore, overexpressed Neu2 inhibited epithelial (ZO-1/Claudin1), mesenchymal (snail/slug), and cell-adhesion (integrin-β3/focal-adhesion kinase) molecules suggesting anchorage-dependent cell death (anoikis). Such changes were absent in the presence of bafilomycin A1 indicating the involvement of autophagy in Neu2-induced anoikis. The physiological relevance of our in vitro observations was further confirmed in the OC xenograft model. Taken together, it is the first report demonstrating that Atg5 is a sialoglycoprotein having α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids and its desialylation by overexpressed Neu2 leads to its activation for autophagosome formation, which induced apoptosis/anoikis in OC.
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Keywords {🔍}

cells, neu, autophagy, cell, cancer, pubmed, atg, apoptosis, fig, article, google, scholar, enhanced, mock, ovcar, cas, compared, death, pathway, molecules, anoikis, overexpressed, expression, protein, central, sas, role, ovarian, observed, desialylation, formation, αlinked, showed, caspase, increased, western, overexpression, association, bafilomycin, levels, size, autophagosome, neuoverexpressing, neutransfected, mandal, reduced, transfection, represented, test, analysis,

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nature portfolio industrial research-indian institute privacy policy impairing pi3k-akt/mtor-mediated pathway ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline research articles cdk2/cdk4/cdk6/cyclin-b1/cyclin nature lc3b/atg3/atg5/atg7/atg12/atg16l1/beclin1 advertising social media preclinical development pi3k-akt/mtor signaling pathway pi3k/akt/mtor/p70s6k inhibition thermo fisher scientific reprints integrin/fak/src-mediated regulation west pico-ecl system west-pico ecl system italy integrin-β3/focal-adhesion kinase shalini nath & chitra mandal pi3k-akt/mtor pathway32 poly adp-ribose polymerase pi3k-akt/mtor pathway pi3k/akt-mtor pathway pi3k/akt/mtor pathway mir145-3p promotes autophagy neu2-induced cell death intrinsic-mediated apoptotic pathway real-time pcr analysis pi3k-akt/mtor molecules detachment-induced cell death pi3k/akt/mtor inhibitors iicb/aec/meeting/2016/october neu2-overexpressing pa1/ovcar3 cells neu2-plasmid-injected tumors compared autophagy-induced cell death neu2-enhanced autophagy sensitizes damaged/inactive cytoplasmic proteins neu2-overexpressed condition hinted tgf-β1-induced emt neu2-induced apoptosis suggesting neu2-overexpressing pa cells neu2-plasmid-injected mice programmed cell death activating caspase8-dependent apoptosis anoikis-resistant molecules showed fluorescence-activated cell sorter nue2-transfected pa1/ovcar-3

Questions {❓}

Autophagy and apoptosis: where do they meet?
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling–which way to target?

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