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We are analyzing https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08989.

Title:
Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft | Nature
Description:
Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies provide an unprecedented ability to screen entire genomes for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here we describe the genomic analyses of four DNA samples from an African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The metastasis contained two de novo mutations and a large deletion not present in the primary tumour, and was significantly enriched for 20 shared mutations. The xenograft retained all primary tumour mutations and displayed a mutation enrichment pattern that resembled the metastasis. Two overlapping large deletions, encompassing CTNNA1, were present in all three tumour samples. The differential mutation frequencies and structural variation patterns in metastasis and xenograft compared with the primary tumour indicate that secondary tumours may arise from a minority of cells within the primary tumour. With the latest DNA sequencing technologies it is now possible to screen an entire genome for the genetic changes associated with tumour progression. This approach has been used to obtain complete sequences of four DNA samples from a 44-year-old African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: the primary tumour, peripheral blood, a brain metastasis and a first-passage xenograft derived from the primary tumour. Mutational analysis suggests that the metastasis tumour specifically selects a subset of cells from the primary tumour that contain pre-existing mutations, and also develops a small number of de novo mutations. Massively parallel DNA sequencing allows entire genomes to be screened for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here, the genomes of four DNA samples from a 44-year-old African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer were analysed. The samples came from peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The findings indicate that cells with a distinct subset of the primary tumour mutation might be selected during metastasis and xenografting.
Website Age:
30 years and 10 months (reg. 1994-08-11).

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$63,100 per month
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Keywords {🔍}

tumour, mutations, cancer, metastasis, xenograft, breast, primary, article, mutation, supplementary, nature, google, scholar, cas, data, table, genome, number, tumours, somatic, validated, copy, sequencing, fig, found, identified, structural, information, metastatic, allele, frequency, dna, samples, deletion, analysis, cells, read, reported, enriched, genes, variants, illumina, human, cell, site, basallike, genomic, brain, present, deletions,

Topics {✒️}

nature portfolio permissions reprints privacy policy paired end libraries high mitotic index advertising de novo nature social media ovarian research full access high-confidence snvs genome-wide neoadjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy2 development nature genet nature methods 6 nature rev limited preclinical models paired-end sequencing strategy wild-type cot regulates single e-cadherin bonds tyrosine-sulphated secretory protein nature 463 nature 461 nature 456 nature 464 nature pathology-based purity estimates intergroup trial c9741/cancer confirmed bi-allelic detection tyrosine-protein phosphatase domain nonsynonymous/synonymous ratio reported primary tumour–metastasis–xenograft trio acute myeloid leukemia nod/scid mouse genome permissions observed nonsynonymous/synonymous ratio breast cancer based author contributions author correspondence structural variation patterns genome-wide mutation spectrum melanoma cell line full genome sequencing generation sequencing technologies ervl-malr family diverse geographic origins unique structural variations protein tyrosine phosphatase cases published recently27 α-catenin decreases

Schema {🗺️}

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         headline:Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft
         description:Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies provide an unprecedented ability to screen entire genomes for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here we describe the genomic analyses of four DNA samples from an African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The metastasis contained two de novo mutations and a large deletion not present in the primary tumour, and was significantly enriched for 20 shared mutations. The xenograft retained all primary tumour mutations and displayed a mutation enrichment pattern that resembled the metastasis. Two overlapping large deletions, encompassing CTNNA1, were present in all three tumour samples. The differential mutation frequencies and structural variation patterns in metastasis and xenograft compared with the primary tumour indicate that secondary tumours may arise from a minority of cells within the primary tumour. With the latest DNA sequencing technologies it is now possible to screen an entire genome for the genetic changes associated with tumour progression. This approach has been used to obtain complete sequences of four DNA samples from a 44-year-old African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: the primary tumour, peripheral blood, a brain metastasis and a first-passage xenograft derived from the primary tumour. Mutational analysis suggests that the metastasis tumour specifically selects a subset of cells from the primary tumour that contain pre-existing mutations, and also develops a small number of de novo mutations. Massively parallel DNA sequencing allows entire genomes to be screened for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here, the genomes of four DNA samples from a 44-year-old African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer were analysed. The samples came from peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The findings indicate that cells with a distinct subset of the primary tumour mutation might be selected during metastasis and xenografting.
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            Breast cancer
            Cancer genomics
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                        name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
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                     address:
                        name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
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                        name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
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                     address:
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                     name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
                     address:
                        name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Paul J. Goodfellow
               affiliation:
                     name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
                     address:
                        name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Charles M. Perou
               affiliation:
                     name:Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
                     address:
                        name:Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:George M. Weinstock
               affiliation:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                     address:
                        name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:Department of Genetics,
                     address:
                        name:Department of Genetics,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Rebecca Aft
               affiliation:
                     name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
                     address:
                        name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Mark Watson
               affiliation:
                     name:Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
                     address:
                        name:Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Timothy J. Ley
               affiliation:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                     address:
                        name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:Department of Genetics,
                     address:
                        name:Department of Genetics,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:Department of Medicine,
                     address:
                        name:Department of Medicine,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:Siteman Cancer Center,
                     address:
                        name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Richard K. Wilson
               affiliation:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                     address:
                        name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               email:[email protected]
               type:Person
               name:Elaine R. Mardis
               affiliation:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                     address:
                        name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:Department of Genetics,
                     address:
                        name:Department of Genetics,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:Siteman Cancer Center,
                     address:
                        name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
         isAccessibleForFree:
         hasPart:
            isAccessibleForFree:
            cssSelector:.main-content
            type:WebPageElement
         type:ScholarlyArticle
      context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft
      description:Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies provide an unprecedented ability to screen entire genomes for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here we describe the genomic analyses of four DNA samples from an African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The metastasis contained two de novo mutations and a large deletion not present in the primary tumour, and was significantly enriched for 20 shared mutations. The xenograft retained all primary tumour mutations and displayed a mutation enrichment pattern that resembled the metastasis. Two overlapping large deletions, encompassing CTNNA1, were present in all three tumour samples. The differential mutation frequencies and structural variation patterns in metastasis and xenograft compared with the primary tumour indicate that secondary tumours may arise from a minority of cells within the primary tumour. With the latest DNA sequencing technologies it is now possible to screen an entire genome for the genetic changes associated with tumour progression. This approach has been used to obtain complete sequences of four DNA samples from a 44-year-old African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: the primary tumour, peripheral blood, a brain metastasis and a first-passage xenograft derived from the primary tumour. Mutational analysis suggests that the metastasis tumour specifically selects a subset of cells from the primary tumour that contain pre-existing mutations, and also develops a small number of de novo mutations. Massively parallel DNA sequencing allows entire genomes to be screened for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here, the genomes of four DNA samples from a 44-year-old African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer were analysed. The samples came from peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The findings indicate that cells with a distinct subset of the primary tumour mutation might be selected during metastasis and xenografting.
      datePublished:
      dateModified:
      pageStart:999
      pageEnd:1005
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08989
      keywords:
         Breast cancer
         Cancer genomics
         Metastasis
         Science
         Humanities and Social Sciences
         multidisciplinary
      image:
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         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature08989/MediaObjects/41586_2010_Article_BFnature08989_Fig2_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature08989/MediaObjects/41586_2010_Article_BFnature08989_Fig3_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature08989/MediaObjects/41586_2010_Article_BFnature08989_Fig4_HTML.jpg
      isPartOf:
         name:Nature
         issn:
            1476-4687
            0028-0836
         volumeNumber:464
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:Nature Publishing Group UK
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Li Ding
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Matthew J. Ellis
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Siteman Cancer Center,
                  address:
                     name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Shunqiang Li
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:David E. Larson
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Ken Chen
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:John W. Wallis
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Christopher C. Harris
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Michael D. McLellan
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Robert S. Fulton
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Lucinda L. Fulton
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Rachel M. Abbott
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jeremy Hoog
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:David J. Dooling
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Daniel C. Koboldt
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Heather Schmidt
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Joelle Kalicki
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Qunyuan Zhang
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Division of Statistical Genomics,
                  address:
                     name:Division of Statistical Genomics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Lei Chen
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Ling Lin
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Michael C. Wendl
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Joshua F. McMichael
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Vincent J. Magrini
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Lisa Cook
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Sean D. McGrath
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Tammi L. Vickery
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Elizabeth Appelbaum
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Katherine DeSchryver
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Sherri Davies
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Therese Guintoli
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Li Lin
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Robert Crowder
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Yu Tao
            affiliation:
                  name:Division of Biostatistics,
                  address:
                     name:Division of Biostatistics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jacqueline E. Snider
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Medicine,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Scott M. Smith
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Adam F. Dukes
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Gabriel E. Sanderson
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Craig S. Pohl
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Kim D. Delehaunty
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Catrina C. Fronick
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Kimberley A. Pape
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jerry S. Reed
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jody S. Robinson
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jennifer S. Hodges
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:William Schierding
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Nathan D. Dees
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Dong Shen
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Devin P. Locke
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Madeline E. Wiechert
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:James M. Eldred
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Josh B. Peck
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Benjamin J. Oberkfell
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Justin T. Lolofie
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Feiyu Du
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Amy E. Hawkins
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Michelle D. O’Laughlin
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Kelly E. Bernard
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Mark Cunningham
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Glendoria Elliott
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Mark D. Mason
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Dominic M. Thompson Jr
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jennifer L. Ivanovich
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Paul J. Goodfellow
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Charles M. Perou
            affiliation:
                  name:Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:George M. Weinstock
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Department of Genetics,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Rebecca Aft
            affiliation:
                  name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
                  address:
                     name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Mark Watson
            affiliation:
                  name:Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
                  address:
                     name:Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA,
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Timothy J. Ley
            affiliation:
                  name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
                  address:
                     name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
                     type:PostalAddress
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         0028-0836
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               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Devin P. Locke
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Madeline E. Wiechert
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:James M. Eldred
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Josh B. Peck
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Benjamin J. Oberkfell
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Justin T. Lolofie
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Feiyu Du
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Amy E. Hawkins
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Michelle D. O’Laughlin
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Kelly E. Bernard
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Mark Cunningham
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Glendoria Elliott
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Mark D. Mason
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Dominic M. Thompson Jr
      affiliation:
            name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
            address:
               name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Jennifer L. Ivanovich
      affiliation:
            name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
            address:
               name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Paul J. Goodfellow
      affiliation:
            name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
            address:
               name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Charles M. Perou
      affiliation:
            name:Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
            address:
               name:Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:George M. Weinstock
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Department of Genetics,
            address:
               name:Department of Genetics,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Rebecca Aft
      affiliation:
            name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
            address:
               name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Mark Watson
      affiliation:
            name:Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
            address:
               name:Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Timothy J. Ley
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Department of Genetics,
            address:
               name:Department of Genetics,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Department of Medicine,
            address:
               name:Department of Medicine,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Siteman Cancer Center,
            address:
               name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Richard K. Wilson
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
      name:Elaine R. Mardis
      affiliation:
            name:The Genome Center at Washington University,
            address:
               name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Department of Genetics,
            address:
               name:Department of Genetics,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Siteman Cancer Center,
            address:
               name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:Division of Statistical Genomics,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:Division of Biostatistics,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
      name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
      name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
      name:Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,,
      name:Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:Department of Medicine,,
      name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:The Genome Center at Washington University,,
      name:Department of Genetics,,
      name:Siteman Cancer Center,,
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