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Keywords {🔍}

doi, pubmed, google, scholar, mutation, rate, pmc, genetics, article, dna, free, nature, rates, nlm, mutations, genet, deleterious, ncbi, search, estimate, nucleotide, chromosome, evolution, molecular, mol, apr, human, sequences, jan, science, humans, genome, evol, evidence, references, hum, dec, crow, jun, sex, site, estimates, pseudogenes, estimated, reduction, genomic, high, fitness, full, text,

Topics {✒️}

sex-specific/type-specific mutation rates primer-directed enzymatic amplification pmc beta search psi eta-globin region male-driven molecular evolution full text germ-line origins publisher site pdf mildly deleterious mutation license information pmcid high-stakes gamble deleterious mutation rate deleterious mutation load united states government nonprimate calibration points recent common ancestry sex ratio varies pmc disclaimer male-driven evolution selected references eighteen processed pseudogenes epistatic gene interactions striking sequence similarity factor ix gene male mutation rate genes affecting viability primate lineage leading thermostable dna polymerase average mutation rate lower mutation rate female mutation rate amg intron sequences mutation rates differ selectively favourable reduction autosomal pseudogenes suggests mol phylogenet evol single nucleotide substitutions molecular clock hypothesis human germline mutations dna evidence complemented search log mammalian dna sequences synonymous rate variation article hum mol genet nucleotide site multiplicative fitness effects higher primates estimated articles links nucleotide sequence analysis

Questions {❓}

• Can substitution rates be used to estimate the sex bias in mutation rate?
• The high spontaneous mutation rate: is it a health risk?

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