We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-016-3904-9.

Title:
Adipose tissue macrophages: going off track during obesity | Diabetologia
Description:
Inflammation originating from the adipose tissue is considered to be one of the main driving forces for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Although a plethora of different immune cells shapes adipose tissue inflammation, this review is specifically focused on the contribution of macrophages that reside in adipose tissue in lean and obese conditions. Both conventional and tissue-specific functions of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in lean and obese adipose tissue are discussed and linked with metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur during the development of obesity. Furthermore, we will address various circulating and adipose tissue-derived triggers that may be involved in shaping the ATM phenotype and underlie ATM function in lean and obese conditions. Finally, we will highlight how these changes affect adipose tissue inflammation and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions to improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. Highlights • Macrophages play a significant role in regulating adipose tissue functioning during health and disease • In addition to conventional functions such as clearing cellular debris and participating in tissue immune surveillance, lipid buffering is an important function of ATMs • Obesity-induced inflammation, characterised by an elevated number of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, has been suggested to contribute to systemic insulin resistance • Their origin, as well as a combination of peripheral changes and adipose tissue-derived stressors, probably contribute to ATM dysfunction and inflammatory traits during obesity • Identification of transcriptional differences between ATMs from lean vs obese adipose tissue at several key points during the development of obesity and insulin resistance may reveal upstream triggers, regulatory factors and intracellular pathways that shape ATM function • Targeting metabolic capacity rather than the inflammatory phenotype of ATMs may hold potential to restore ATM function and adipose tissue homeostasis in obese individuals
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Keywords {🔍}

tissue, adipose, pubmed, article, google, scholar, cas, macrophages, obese, obesity, insulin, central, atms, macrophage, cells, inflammatory, resistance, inflammation, cell, proinflammatory, adipocytes, phenotype, diabetes, lean, adipocyte, development, human, metabolic, atm, mice, metab, expression, role, lipid, monocytes, increased, function, antiinflammatory, lipolysis, death, bone, including, presence, activation, immune, conditions, fat, adipogenesis, hifα, functions,

Topics {✒️}

f4/80+cd206+cd301+cd11c− macrophages interleukin-1β-induced insulin resistance article download pdf adipose tissue-derived il-1β induce short-term periods β3-adrenergic receptor agonist hif-dependent gene expression long-term live imaging hif-1α-independent manner diet-induced obese mice depot-specific adipose inflammation bone marrow-derived macrophages thioredoxin-interacting protein stimulates amp-activated protein kinase adipose tissue-derived factors adipose tissue-derived triggers chemokine receptor/ligand complexes adipose tissue-derived stressors anti-inflammatory macrophage trait reduced catecholamine-induced lipolysis central nervous system article boutens regulates immune-adipose interactions cultured monocyte-derived macrophages high-fat diet adipose tissue-resident macrophages 3t3-l1 pre-adipocytes cytokine-driven proinflammatory activation anderson-baucum ek hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory response diet-induced increases chronic low-grade inflammation obesity-induced insulin resistance macrophage-conditioned medium depends tissue-resident macrophages originate predominant anti-inflammatory response blood monocyte-derived macrophages lysosomal-dependent lipid metabolism anti-inflammatory upstream regulators insulin-dependent glucose uptake tumour-derived lactic acid streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice koh yj insulin receptor deficiency obesity-mediated insulin resistance bone marrow fat full access nf-κb drives obesity-related insulin resistance diet-induced obesity

Questions {❓}

Chait A, Kim F (2010) Saturated fatty acids and inflammation: who pays the toll?
Dandona P, Aljada A, Mohanty P et al (2001) Insulin inhibits intranuclear nuclear factor κB and stimulates IκB in mononuclear cells in obese subjects: evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect?
From where do ATMs originate?
In addition to adipose tissue-derived IL-1β, are haematopoietic factors involved in the control of myelopoiesis during obesity as well?
What are the effects of the adipose tissue environment on macrophage phenotype?
What are the functions of macrophages in adipose tissue?

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:Inflammation originating from the adipose tissue is considered to be one of the main driving forces for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Although a plethora of different immune cells shapes adipose tissue inflammation, this review is specifically focused on the contribution of macrophages that reside in adipose tissue in lean and obese conditions. Both conventional and tissue-specific functions of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in lean and obese adipose tissue are discussed and linked with metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur during the development of obesity. Furthermore, we will address various circulating and adipose tissue-derived triggers that may be involved in shaping the ATM phenotype and underlie ATM function in lean and obese conditions. Finally, we will highlight how these changes affect adipose tissue inflammation and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions to improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.
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      headline:Adipose tissue macrophages: going off track during obesity
      description:Inflammation originating from the adipose tissue is considered to be one of the main driving forces for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Although a plethora of different immune cells shapes adipose tissue inflammation, this review is specifically focused on the contribution of macrophages that reside in adipose tissue in lean and obese conditions. Both conventional and tissue-specific functions of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in lean and obese adipose tissue are discussed and linked with metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur during the development of obesity. Furthermore, we will address various circulating and adipose tissue-derived triggers that may be involved in shaping the ATM phenotype and underlie ATM function in lean and obese conditions. Finally, we will highlight how these changes affect adipose tissue inflammation and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions to improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.
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         Metabolism
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         Review
         Internal Medicine
         Metabolic Diseases
         Human Physiology
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