We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10549-014-3118-0.

Title:
An improved syngeneic orthotopic murine model of human breast cancer progression | Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
Description:
Breast cancer drug development costs nearly $610 million and 37 months in preclinical mouse model trials with minimal success rates. Despite these inefficiencies, there are still no consensus breast cancer preclinical models. Murine mammary adenocarcinoma 4T1-luc2 cells were implanted subcutaneous (SQ) or orthotopically percutaneous (OP) injection in the area of the nipple, or surgically into the chest 2nd mammary fat pad under direct vision (ODV) in Balb/c immunocompetent mice. Tumor progression was followed by in vivo bioluminescence and direct measurements, pathology and survival determined, and tumor gene expression analyzed by genome-wide microarrays. ODV produced less variable-sized tumors and was a reliable method of implantation. ODV implantation into the chest 2nd mammary pad rather than into the abdominal 4th mammary pad, the most common implantation site, better mimicked human breast cancer progression pattern, which correlated with bioluminescent tumor burden and survival. Compared to SQ, ODV produced tumors that differentially expressed genes whose interaction networks are of importance in cancer research. qPCR validation of 10 specific target genes of interest in ongoing clinical trials demonstrated significant differences in expression. ODV implantation into the chest 2nd mammary pad provides the most reliable model that mimics human breast cancer compared from subcutaneous implantation that produces tumors with different genome expression profiles of clinical significance. Increased understanding of the limitations of the different preclinical models in use will help guide new investigations and may improve the efficiency of breast cancer drug development .
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Keywords {🔍}

cancer, pubmed, article, google, scholar, breast, cas, tumor, res, central, human, research, models, metastasis, cell, model, cells, doican, preclinical, takabe, drug, mammary, expression, nature, content, murine, progression, rashid, nagahashi, ramachandran, clinical, metastatic, van, hoffman, usa, privacy, cookies, yamada, spiegel, kazuaki, development, mouse, trials, odv, vivo, gene, tumors, implantation, access, biol,

Topics {✒️}

month download article/chapter hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha breast cancer cells elevated sdf-1/cxcl12 secretion epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced wnt-5a-induced phosphorylation gene-expression profiles human breast cancer clinical cancer research breast cancer metastasis circulating tumor cells genome expression profiles tumour progression metastatic breast cancer human breast tumours full article pdf imagable 4t1 model lymphoma cells increases kazuaki takabe stromal fibroblasts present nonmetastatic breast tumors global drug discovery protein profile massey cancer center privacy choices/manage cookies drug development siegel pm human neutralizing antibodies predict distant metastasis cancer research anticancer drug discovery murine models uicc study group tumor subpopulation interactions sel1l gene induction preclinical models early clinical trials bmc cancer 8 cancer candidate genes invasion metastasis 3 1007/s10549-005-9067 van de water van de rijn van der kooy meijer-van gelder breast cancer variable-sized tumors author information authors bioluminescent tumor burden hoffman rm

Questions {❓}

Adams CP, Brantner VV (2006) Estimating the cost of new drug development: is it really 802 million dollars?
Balasubramanian S, Verner E, Buggy JJ (2009) Isoform-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors: the next step?

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      name:H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, West Hospital 7-402, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, West Hospital 7-402, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, West Hospital 7-402, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, West Hospital 7-402, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
      name:Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, West Hospital 7-402, Richmond, USA
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, USA
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