We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00424-020-02459-1.

Title:
GDF15, an update of the physiological and pathological roles it plays: a review | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
Description:
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a peptide hormone, and a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily. In normal physiology, GDF15 is expressed in multiple tissues at a low concentration. GDF15 is overexpressed during and following many pathological conditions such as tissue injury and inflammation in order to play a protective role. However, GDF15 appears to promote tumour growth in the later stages of malignant cancer. The recently identified endogenous receptor for GDF15, GDNF family receptor a-like (GFRAL), has allowed elucidation of a physiological pathway in which GDF15 regulates energy homeostasis and body weight, primarily via appetite suppression. The anorectic effect of GDF15 provides some therapeutic potential in management of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia and obesity. Despite the identification of GFRAL as a GDF15 receptor, there appears to be other signalling mechanisms utilized by GDF15 that further increase the possibility of development of therapeutic treatments, should these pathways be fully characterized. In this review, GDF15 function in both physiological and pathological conditions in various tissues will be discussed.
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Keywords {🔍}

pubmed, article, google, scholar, cas, gdf, growth, central, factor, differentiation, zhang, cancer, cell, wang, cytokine, tgfbeta, signaling, receptor, superfamily, liu, inhibitory, biol, brown, macrophage, httpsdoiorgs, kim, mice, transforming, breit, res, nature, gfral, obesity, chen, member, pathways, sci, activation, baek, expression, micgdf, serum, levels, lee, yang, cells, nat, journal, physiological, roles,

Topics {✒️}

tgf-β/tgf-β receptor system transforming growth factor-beta month download article/chapter long-acting mic-1/gdf15 molecules tgf-β superfamily member tgf-beta-induced epithelial tgf-beta family signaling latent tgf-beta structure tgf-β/smad signaling alk-5/tgf-betarii heterodimer genome-wide association studies superfamily cytokine mic-1/gdf15 signalling mechanisms utilized smad-independent pathways t-type calcium channels growth differentiation factor-15 growth differentiation factor growth/differentiation factor-15 cancer-related anorexia/cachexia tgf-β superfamily tgf-beta family smad-dependent signaling pathways tsai vw macrophage inhibitory cytokine macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 tgf-beta receptor orphan receptor gfral full article pdf tgf-beta signaling tgf-β signaling brain area-specific effect human mic-1/gdf15 vary diet-induced obesity nag-1/gdf15 prevents obesity atrophic inflammatory lesions midbrain dopaminergic neurons european economic area facilitate protein folding privacy choices/manage cookies promote tumour growth peptide hormone propeptide mediates formation cash-mason td smad signaling pathways renal injury induced age-related disorders article assadi sex hormones improves glucose tolerance tgfbeta superfamily members

Questions {❓}

Brown DA, Hance KW, Rogers CJ, Sansbury LB, Albert PS, Murphy G, Laiyemo AO, Wang Z, Cross AJ, Schatzkin A, Danta M, Srasuebkul P, Amin J, Law M, Breit SN, Lanza E (2012) Serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15): a potential screening tool for the prevention of colon cancer?

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