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nature portfolio innovative research team privacy policy er/nayf4/silica core/shell/shell nanoparticles energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy advertising refractive index nature social media x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy multi-layer core-shell nanoparticles reprints er/nayf4 core/shell nanocrystals naerf4/sio2 janus nanoparticles naerf4/sio2 janus nanoparticle β-nalnf4 nanocrystals induced lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles colloidal lanthanide-doped nanocrystals upconverting long-wavelength radiation flexi‐pegda upconversion implant broadband dye-sensitized upconversion anhydrous rare-earth acetates core-shell lanthanide nanoparticles multi-shell upconverting nanocrystals including dye-sensitization strategy16 high-level local universities pre-synthesized naerf4 nanoparticles core-multi-shell nanoparticles ce3+-doped garnet phosphors core-shell upconversion nanoparticles small-sized upconversion nanoparticles constructing core-shell structures monodispersed β-naerf4 ucnps prepare core-shell ucnps quantum yields x-ray diffraction additional experimental details cation inter-diffusion occurs eds line-scan profile size-dependent luminescence dual surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity low-doped luminescent core surface-involved energy transfer high quantum yield china permissions core-multi-shell design vivo photodynamic therapy figure 4c compares step-wise surface passivation

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