We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-014-3939-0.

Title:
The apicomplexan parasite Eimeria arloingi induces caprine neutrophil extracellular traps | Parasitology Research
Description:
As a novel effector mechanism polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which represent protein-labeled DNA matrices capable of extracellular trapping and killing of invasive pathogens. Here, we demonstrate for the first time NET formation performed by caprine PMN exposed to different stages (sporozoites and oocysts) of the goat apicomplexan protozoan parasite Eimeria arloingi. Scanning electron microscopy as well as fluorescence microscopy of sporozoites- and oocysts-PMN co-cultures revealed a fine network of DNA fibrils partially covering the parasites. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the co-localization of histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in extracellular traps released from caprine PMN. In addition, the enzymatic activity of NE was found significantly enhanced in sporozoite-exposed caprine PMN. The treatment of caprine NET structures with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodondium (DPI) significantly reduced NETosis confirming the classical characteristics of NETs. Caprine NETs efficiently trapped vital sporozoites of E. arloingi since 72 % of these stages were immobilized—but not killed—in NET structures. As a consequence, early infection rates were significantly reduced when PMN-pre-exposed sporozoites were allowed to infect adequate host cells. These findings suggest that NETs may play an important role in the early innate host response to E. arloingi infection in goats.
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pubmed, article, google, scholar, extracellular, cas, neutrophil, traps, neutrophils, central, immunol, formation, cell, bovine, eimeria, caprine, hermosilla, vet, silva, nets, infect, access, biol, giessen, parasitology, parasite, arloingi, taubert, sporozoites, host, innate, immunopathol, privacy, cookies, content, research, apicomplexan, caro, net, activity, response, trap, brinkmann, zychlinsky, parasitol, res, publish, search, liliana, muñoz,

Topics {✒️}

month download article/chapter beta-hydroxybutyrate abrogates formation extracellular trap formation sporozoite-exposed caprine pmn iifa/universidade de évora bovine fetal gastrointestinal madin-darby bovine kidney statins enhance formation larval strongyloides stercoralis pmn-pre-exposed sporozoites pinto-da-silva lh full article pdf innate immune reactions innate immune reaction secreted epithelial products neutrophil extracellular traps found significantly enhanced wardini ab caprine pmn exposed caprine net structures phagocyte extracellular traps privacy choices/manage cookies related subjects protein family involved extracellular traps released check access instant access hellenbrand km underlying host physiology núcleo da mitra oxygen-dependent immunodefences infected lung tissue cats naturally infected fish cast nets viable coccidial sporozoites article log european economic area significantly reduced cgd controls aspergillosis f-actin polymerization rivera-rivas jj aulik na anti-parasitic defence semi-arid zones acknowledge brigitte hofmann strategic project pest net formation eimeria bovis conditions privacy policy scanning electron microscopy

Questions {❓}

Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A (2012) Neutrophil extracellular traps: is immunity the second function of chromatin?

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         description:As a novel effector mechanism polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which represent protein-labeled DNA matrices capable of extracellular trapping and killing of invasive pathogens. Here, we demonstrate for the first time NET formation performed by caprine PMN exposed to different stages (sporozoites and oocysts) of the goat apicomplexan protozoan parasite Eimeria arloingi. Scanning electron microscopy as well as fluorescence microscopy of sporozoites- and oocysts-PMN co-cultures revealed a fine network of DNA fibrils partially covering the parasites. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the co-localization of histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in extracellular traps released from caprine PMN. In addition, the enzymatic activity of NE was found significantly enhanced in sporozoite-exposed caprine PMN. The treatment of caprine NET structures with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodondium (DPI) significantly reduced NETosis confirming the classical characteristics of NETs. Caprine NETs efficiently trapped vital sporozoites of E. arloingi since 72 % of these stages were immobilized—but not killed—in NET structures. As a consequence, early infection rates were significantly reduced when PMN-pre-exposed sporozoites were allowed to infect adequate host cells. These findings suggest that NETs may play an important role in the early innate host response to E. arloingi infection in goats.
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      headline:The apicomplexan parasite Eimeria arloingi induces caprine neutrophil extracellular traps
      description:As a novel effector mechanism polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which represent protein-labeled DNA matrices capable of extracellular trapping and killing of invasive pathogens. Here, we demonstrate for the first time NET formation performed by caprine PMN exposed to different stages (sporozoites and oocysts) of the goat apicomplexan protozoan parasite Eimeria arloingi. Scanning electron microscopy as well as fluorescence microscopy of sporozoites- and oocysts-PMN co-cultures revealed a fine network of DNA fibrils partially covering the parasites. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the co-localization of histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in extracellular traps released from caprine PMN. In addition, the enzymatic activity of NE was found significantly enhanced in sporozoite-exposed caprine PMN. The treatment of caprine NET structures with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodondium (DPI) significantly reduced NETosis confirming the classical characteristics of NETs. Caprine NETs efficiently trapped vital sporozoites of E. arloingi since 72 % of these stages were immobilized—but not killed—in NET structures. As a consequence, early infection rates were significantly reduced when PMN-pre-exposed sporozoites were allowed to infect adequate host cells. These findings suggest that NETs may play an important role in the early innate host response to E. arloingi infection in goats.
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