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Title:
Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer | Nature
Description:
Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue and colleagues use whole-genome exome sequencing to analyse primary pancreatic cancers and one or more metastases from the same patients, and find that tumours are composed of distinct subclones. The authors also determine the evolutionary maps by which metastatic cancer clones have evolved within the primary tumour, and estimate the timescales of tumour progression. On the basis of these data, they estimate a mean period of 11.8 years between the initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis and the formation of the parental, non-metastatic tumour, and a further 6.8 years for the index metastasis clone to arise. These data point to a potentially large window of opportunity during which it might be possible to detect the cancer in a relatively early form. Peter Campbell and colleagues use next-generation sequencing to detect chromosomal rearrangements in 13 patients with pancreatic cancer. The results reveal considerable inter-patient heterogeneity and indicate ongoing genomic instability and evolution during the development of metastases. But for most of the patients studied, more than half of the genetic rearrangements found were present in all metastases and the primary tumour, making them potential targets for therapeutic intervention at early and late stages of the disease. Here, whole-genome sequencing has been used to analyse primary pancreatic tumours and one or more metastases from the same patients. The findings show that tumours are composed of several geographically distinct subclones, and allow maps to be produced showing how metastatic cancer clones evolve within the primary tumour. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer has been performed. Metastasis, the dissemination and growth of neoplastic cells in an organ distinct from that in which they originated1,2, is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. This is particularly true for pancreatic cancers, where most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and few show a sustained response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy3. Whether the dismal prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to patients with other types of cancer is a result of late diagnosis or early dissemination of disease to distant organs is not known. Here we rely on data generated by sequencing the genomes of seven pancreatic cancer metastases to evaluate the clonal relationships among primary and metastatic cancers. We find that clonal populations that give rise to distant metastases are represented within the primary carcinoma, but these clones are genetically evolved from the original parental, non-metastatic clone. Thus, genetic heterogeneity of metastases reflects that within the primary carcinoma. A quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer was performed, indicating at least a decade between the occurrence of the initiating mutation and the birth of the parental, non-metastatic founder cell. At least five more years are required for the acquisition of metastatic ability and patients die an average of two years thereafter. These data provide novel insights into the genetic features underlying pancreatic cancer progression and define a broad time window of opportunity for early detection to prevent deaths from metastatic disease.
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headline:Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer
description:Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue and colleagues use whole-genome exome sequencing to analyse primary pancreatic cancers and one or more metastases from the same patients, and find that tumours are composed of distinct subclones. The authors also determine the evolutionary maps by which metastatic cancer clones have evolved within the primary tumour, and estimate the timescales of tumour progression. On the basis of these data, they estimate a mean period of 11.8 years between the initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis and the formation of the parental, non-metastatic tumour, and a further 6.8 years for the index metastasis clone to arise. These data point to a potentially large window of opportunity during which it might be possible to detect the cancer in a relatively early form. Peter Campbell and colleagues use next-generation sequencing to detect chromosomal rearrangements in 13 patients with pancreatic cancer. The results reveal considerable inter-patient heterogeneity and indicate ongoing genomic instability and evolution during the development of metastases. But for most of the patients studied, more than half of the genetic rearrangements found were present in all metastases and the primary tumour, making them potential targets for therapeutic intervention at early and late stages of the disease. Here, whole-genome sequencing has been used to analyse primary pancreatic tumours and one or more metastases from the same patients. The findings show that tumours are composed of several geographically distinct subclones, and allow maps to be produced showing how metastatic cancer clones evolve within the primary tumour. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer has been performed. Metastasis, the dissemination and growth of neoplastic cells in an organ distinct from that in which they originated1,2, is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. This is particularly true for pancreatic cancers, where most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and few show a sustained response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy3. Whether the dismal prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to patients with other types of cancer is a result of late diagnosis or early dissemination of disease to distant organs is not known. Here we rely on data generated by sequencing the genomes of seven pancreatic cancer metastases to evaluate the clonal relationships among primary and metastatic cancers. We find that clonal populations that give rise to distant metastases are represented within the primary carcinoma, but these clones are genetically evolved from the original parental, non-metastatic clone. Thus, genetic heterogeneity of metastases reflects that within the primary carcinoma. A quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer was performed, indicating at least a decade between the occurrence of the initiating mutation and the birth of the parental, non-metastatic founder cell. At least five more years are required for the acquisition of metastatic ability and patients die an average of two years thereafter. These data provide novel insights into the genetic features underlying pancreatic cancer progression and define a broad time window of opportunity for early detection to prevent deaths from metastatic disease.
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description:Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue and colleagues use whole-genome exome sequencing to analyse primary pancreatic cancers and one or more metastases from the same patients, and find that tumours are composed of distinct subclones. The authors also determine the evolutionary maps by which metastatic cancer clones have evolved within the primary tumour, and estimate the timescales of tumour progression. On the basis of these data, they estimate a mean period of 11.8 years between the initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis and the formation of the parental, non-metastatic tumour, and a further 6.8 years for the index metastasis clone to arise. These data point to a potentially large window of opportunity during which it might be possible to detect the cancer in a relatively early form. Peter Campbell and colleagues use next-generation sequencing to detect chromosomal rearrangements in 13 patients with pancreatic cancer. The results reveal considerable inter-patient heterogeneity and indicate ongoing genomic instability and evolution during the development of metastases. But for most of the patients studied, more than half of the genetic rearrangements found were present in all metastases and the primary tumour, making them potential targets for therapeutic intervention at early and late stages of the disease. Here, whole-genome sequencing has been used to analyse primary pancreatic tumours and one or more metastases from the same patients. The findings show that tumours are composed of several geographically distinct subclones, and allow maps to be produced showing how metastatic cancer clones evolve within the primary tumour. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer has been performed. Metastasis, the dissemination and growth of neoplastic cells in an organ distinct from that in which they originated1,2, is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. This is particularly true for pancreatic cancers, where most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and few show a sustained response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy3. Whether the dismal prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to patients with other types of cancer is a result of late diagnosis or early dissemination of disease to distant organs is not known. Here we rely on data generated by sequencing the genomes of seven pancreatic cancer metastases to evaluate the clonal relationships among primary and metastatic cancers. We find that clonal populations that give rise to distant metastases are represented within the primary carcinoma, but these clones are genetically evolved from the original parental, non-metastatic clone. Thus, genetic heterogeneity of metastases reflects that within the primary carcinoma. A quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer was performed, indicating at least a decade between the occurrence of the initiating mutation and the birth of the parental, non-metastatic founder cell. At least five more years are required for the acquisition of metastatic ability and patients die an average of two years thereafter. These data provide novel insights into the genetic features underlying pancreatic cancer progression and define a broad time window of opportunity for early detection to prevent deaths from metastatic disease.
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type:Organization
name:Rebecca Leary
affiliation:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center
address:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Baojin Fu
affiliation:
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Mihoko Kamiyama
affiliation:
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Ralph H. Hruban
affiliation:
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:James R. Eshleman
affiliation:
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Martin A. Nowak
affiliation:
name:Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University
address:
name:Department of Mathematics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Victor E. Velculescu
affiliation:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center
address:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Kenneth W. Kinzler
affiliation:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center
address:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Bert Vogelstein
affiliation:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center
address:
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
affiliation:
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
address:
name:Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
email:[email protected]
PostalAddress:
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Mathematics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
name:Department of Mathematics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
name:School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Mathematics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
name:The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
name:Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
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