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Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth | Nature
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Cell expansion is a central process in plant morphogenesis, and the elongation of roots and root hairs is essential for uptake of minerals and water from the soil. Ca2+ influx from the extracellular store is required for (and sets the rates of) cell elongation in roots1. Arabidopsis thaliana rhd2 mutants are defective in Ca2+ uptake and consequently cell expansion is compromised—rhd2 mutants have short root hairs2,3 and stunted roots. To determine the regulation of Ca2+ acquisition in growing root cells we show here that RHD2 is an NADPH oxidase, a protein that transfers electrons from NADPH to an electron acceptor leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that ROS accumulate in growing wild-type (WT) root hairs but their levels are markedly decreased in rhd2 mutants. Blocking the activity of the NADPH oxidase with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibits ROS formation and phenocopies Rhd2-. Treatment of rhd2 roots with ROS partly suppresses the mutant phenotype and stimulates the activity of plasma membrane hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ channels, the predominant root Ca2+ acquisition system. This indicates that NADPH oxidases control development by making ROS that regulate plant cell expansion through the activation of Ca2+ channels.
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nature portfolio permissions reprints research advances privacy policy advertising subscribe nature nature 406 nature 422 nature social media hyperpolarization-activated calcium channels miguel angel torres fura-dextran ratio imaging position-specific gap penalties author correspondence ascorbate-induced hydroxyl radicals ca2+-selective microelectrode tests root hair development calcium channels activated personal data plasma membrane protein springerlink instant access data protection permissions arabidopsis thaliana homologues hydrogen peroxide modulates reactive oxygen species arabidopsis root hairs control polar growth arabidopsis thaliana roots root hair initiation privacy plant cell environ short root hairs2 reactive oxygen intermediates arabidopsis rop2 gtpase intracellular auxin signalling competing financial interests plant cells—channels homeotic gene required henk miedema & julia explore content subscription content flower development growing root cells cell expansion journals search log electron acceptor leading growing wild-type institutional subscriptions read
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headline:Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth
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headline:Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth
description:Cell expansion is a central process in plant morphogenesis, and the elongation of roots and root hairs is essential for uptake of minerals and water from the soil. Ca2+ influx from the extracellular store is required for (and sets the rates of) cell elongation in roots1. Arabidopsis thaliana rhd2 mutants are defective in Ca2+ uptake and consequently cell expansion is compromisedârhd2 mutants have short root hairs2,3 and stunted roots. To determine the regulation of Ca2+ acquisition in growing root cells we show here that RHD2 is an NADPH oxidase, a protein that transfers electrons from NADPH to an electron acceptor leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that ROS accumulate in growing wild-type (WT) root hairs but their levels are markedly decreased in rhd2 mutants. Blocking the activity of the NADPH oxidase with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibits ROS formation and phenocopies Rhd2-. Treatment of rhd2 roots with ROS partly suppresses the mutant phenotype and stimulates the activity of plasma membrane hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ channels, the predominant root Ca2+ acquisition system. This indicates that NADPH oxidases control development by making ROS that regulate plant cell expansion through the activation of Ca2+ channels.
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