
NATURE . COM {
}
Title:
Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres | Nature
Description:
The biochemical basis for the regulation of fibre-type determination in skeletal muscle is not well understood. In addition to the expression of particular myofibrillar proteins, type I (slow-twitch) fibres are much higher in mitochondrial content and are more dependent on oxidative metabolism than type II (fast-twitch) fibres1. We have previously identified a transcriptional co-activator, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), which is expressed in several tissues including brown fat and skeletal muscle, and that activates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism2,3,4. We show here that PGC-1α is expressed preferentially in muscle enriched in type I fibres. When PGC-1α is expressed at physiological levels in transgenic mice driven by a muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, a fibre type conversion is observed: muscles normally rich in type II fibres are redder and activate genes of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Notably, putative type II muscles from PGC-1α transgenic mice also express proteins characteristic of type I fibres, such as troponin I (slow) and myoglobin, and show a much greater resistance to electrically stimulated fatigue. Using fibre-type-specific promoters, we show in cultured muscle cells that PGC-1α activates transcription in cooperation with Mef2 proteins and serves as a target for calcineurin signalling, which has been implicated in slow fibre gene expression. These data indicate that PGC-1α is a principal factor regulating muscle fibre type determination.
Website Age:
30 years and 10 months (reg. 1994-08-11).
Matching Content Categories {📚}
- Science
- Health & Fitness
- Fitness & Wellness
Content Management System {📝}
What CMS is nature.com built with?
Custom-built
No common CMS systems were detected on Nature.com, and no known web development framework was identified.
Traffic Estimate {📈}
What is the average monthly size of nature.com audience?
🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month
Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.
check SE Ranking
check Ahrefs
check Similarweb
check Ubersuggest
check Semrush
How Does Nature.com Make Money? {💸}
Display Ads {🎯}
The website utilizes display ads within its content to generate revenue. Check the next section for further revenue estimates.
Ads are managed by yourbow.com. Particular relationships are as follows:
Direct Advertisers (10)
google.com, pmc.com, doceree.com, yourbow.com, audienciad.com, onlinemediasolutions.com, advibe.media, aps.amazon.com, getmediamx.com, onomagic.comReseller Advertisers (38)
conversantmedia.com, rubiconproject.com, pubmatic.com, appnexus.com, openx.com, smartadserver.com, lijit.com, sharethrough.com, video.unrulymedia.com, google.com, yahoo.com, triplelift.com, onetag.com, sonobi.com, contextweb.com, 33across.com, indexexchange.com, media.net, themediagrid.com, adform.com, richaudience.com, sovrn.com, improvedigital.com, freewheel.tv, smaato.com, yieldmo.com, amxrtb.com, adyoulike.com, adpone.com, criteo.com, smilewanted.com, 152media.info, e-planning.net, smartyads.com, loopme.com, opera.com, mediafuse.com, betweendigital.comHow Much Does Nature.com Make? {💰}
Display Ads {🎯}
$63,100 per month
Estimations show Nature.com's display ad online revenue falls between $42,042 and $115,616 per month.
Keywords {🔍}
article, muscle, cas, google, scholar, nature, skeletal, coactivator, type, access, cell, mitochondrial, content, transcriptional, expression, biol, pgcα, fibre, fibres, mice, slow, cookies, biogenesis, physiol, pgc, usa, medical, texas, privacy, data, gene, peroxisome, receptor, open, mol, department, function, formation, lin, olson, proteins, transgenic, kinase, mef, calcineurin, proliferatoractivated, regulates, control, pathway, center,
Topics {✒️}
peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ nature portfolio permissions reprints privacy policy fast-fibre-type-specific regulatory elements advertising muscle development social media nature 413 nature 418 nature author information authors fibre-type-specific promoters fibre-type-specific transcription regulates mitochondrial biogenesis metachromatic dye-atpase method insulin-sensitive glucose transporter pgc-1α transgenic mice author correspondence calcineurin-dependent pathway pgc-1α activates transcription activator pgc-1α drives activates mitochondrial biogenesis springerlink instant access fibre-type determination exercise-regulated mitochondrial slow-twitch muscle fibres cardiac muscle expression content muscle regulator multiple calcium-regulated signals permissions muscle creatine kinase personal data thermogenic coactivator pgc-1 coactivator pgc-1 cooperates cold-inducible coactivator fibre type conversion transcriptional coactivator pgc-1 mitochondrial content transgenic mice driven generating transgenic mice data protection nuclear receptors linked skeletal muscle slow chen-yu zhang privacy myocyte enhancer factor-2 skeletal muscle elizabeth nuclear signalling networks myoglobin-mutant mice
Schema {🗺️}
WebPage:
mainEntity:
headline:Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres
description:The biochemical basis for the regulation of fibre-type determination in skeletal muscle is not well understood. In addition to the expression of particular myofibrillar proteins, type I (slow-twitch) fibres are much higher in mitochondrial content and are more dependent on oxidative metabolism than type II (fast-twitch) fibres1. We have previously identified a transcriptional co-activator, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), which is expressed in several tissues including brown fat and skeletal muscle, and that activates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism2,3,4. We show here that PGC-1α is expressed preferentially in muscle enriched in type I fibres. When PGC-1α is expressed at physiological levels in transgenic mice driven by a muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, a fibre type conversion is observed: muscles normally rich in type II fibres are redder and activate genes of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Notably, putative type II muscles from PGC-1α transgenic mice also express proteins characteristic of type I fibres, such as troponin I (slow) and myoglobin, and show a much greater resistance to electrically stimulated fatigue. Using fibre-type-specific promoters, we show in cultured muscle cells that PGC-1α activates transcription in cooperation with Mef2 proteins and serves as a target for calcineurin signalling, which has been implicated in slow fibre gene expression. These data indicate that PGC-1α is a principal factor regulating muscle fibre type determination.
datePublished:
dateModified:
pageStart:797
pageEnd:801
sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00904
keywords:
Science
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
image:
https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature00904/MediaObjects/41586_2002_Article_BFnature00904_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature00904/MediaObjects/41586_2002_Article_BFnature00904_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature00904/MediaObjects/41586_2002_Article_BFnature00904_Fig3_HTML.jpg
isPartOf:
name:Nature
issn:
1476-4687
0028-0836
volumeNumber:418
type:
Periodical
PublicationVolume
publisher:
name:Nature Publishing Group UK
logo:
url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
type:ImageObject
type:Organization
author:
name:Jiandie Lin
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Hai Wu
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Paul T. Tarr
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Chen-Yu Zhang
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Zhidan Wu
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Olivier Boss
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Laura F. Michael
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Pere Puigserver
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Eiji Isotani
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Eric N. Olson
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Bradford B. Lowell
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Rhonda Bassel-Duby
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Bruce M. Spiegelman
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
email:[email protected]
type:Person
isAccessibleForFree:
hasPart:
isAccessibleForFree:
cssSelector:.main-content
type:WebPageElement
type:ScholarlyArticle
context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
headline:Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres
description:The biochemical basis for the regulation of fibre-type determination in skeletal muscle is not well understood. In addition to the expression of particular myofibrillar proteins, type I (slow-twitch) fibres are much higher in mitochondrial content and are more dependent on oxidative metabolism than type II (fast-twitch) fibres1. We have previously identified a transcriptional co-activator, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), which is expressed in several tissues including brown fat and skeletal muscle, and that activates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism2,3,4. We show here that PGC-1α is expressed preferentially in muscle enriched in type I fibres. When PGC-1α is expressed at physiological levels in transgenic mice driven by a muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, a fibre type conversion is observed: muscles normally rich in type II fibres are redder and activate genes of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Notably, putative type II muscles from PGC-1α transgenic mice also express proteins characteristic of type I fibres, such as troponin I (slow) and myoglobin, and show a much greater resistance to electrically stimulated fatigue. Using fibre-type-specific promoters, we show in cultured muscle cells that PGC-1α activates transcription in cooperation with Mef2 proteins and serves as a target for calcineurin signalling, which has been implicated in slow fibre gene expression. These data indicate that PGC-1α is a principal factor regulating muscle fibre type determination.
datePublished:
dateModified:
pageStart:797
pageEnd:801
sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00904
keywords:
Science
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
image:
https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature00904/MediaObjects/41586_2002_Article_BFnature00904_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature00904/MediaObjects/41586_2002_Article_BFnature00904_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature00904/MediaObjects/41586_2002_Article_BFnature00904_Fig3_HTML.jpg
isPartOf:
name:Nature
issn:
1476-4687
0028-0836
volumeNumber:418
type:
Periodical
PublicationVolume
publisher:
name:Nature Publishing Group UK
logo:
url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
type:ImageObject
type:Organization
author:
name:Jiandie Lin
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Hai Wu
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Paul T. Tarr
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Chen-Yu Zhang
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Zhidan Wu
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Olivier Boss
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Laura F. Michael
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Pere Puigserver
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Eiji Isotani
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Eric N. Olson
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Bradford B. Lowell
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Rhonda Bassel-Duby
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
type:Person
name:Bruce M. Spiegelman
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
email:[email protected]
type:Person
isAccessibleForFree:
hasPart:
isAccessibleForFree:
cssSelector:.main-content
type:WebPageElement
["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]:
name:Nature
issn:
1476-4687
0028-0836
volumeNumber:418
Organization:
name:Nature Publishing Group UK
logo:
url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
type:ImageObject
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
ImageObject:
url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
Person:
name:Jiandie Lin
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Hai Wu
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Paul T. Tarr
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Chen-Yu Zhang
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Zhidan Wu
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Olivier Boss
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Laura F. Michael
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Pere Puigserver
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Eiji Isotani
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Eric N. Olson
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Bradford B. Lowell
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Rhonda Bassel-Duby
affiliation:
name:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
address:
name:Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
name:Bruce M. Spiegelman
affiliation:
name:Harvard Medical School
address:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
type:PostalAddress
type:Organization
email:[email protected]
PostalAddress:
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
name:Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
name:Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
name:Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
name:Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
WebPageElement:
isAccessibleForFree:
cssSelector:.main-content
External Links {🔗}(93)
- What's the financial intake of https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature00904?utm_source=nature&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=buyArticle?
- How much does https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fphysrev.2000.80.3.1215 earn?
- Profit of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Calcium%20ion%20in%20skeletal%20muscle%3A%20its%20crucial%20role%20for%20muscle%20function%2C%20plasticity%2C%20and%20disease&journal=Physiol.%20Rev.&doi=10.1152%2Fphysrev.2000.80.3.1215&volume=80&pages=1215-1265&publication_year=2000&author=Berchtold%2CMW&author=Brinkmeier%2CH&author=Muntener%2CM
- https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981410-5's revenue stream
- http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20cold-inducible%20coactivator%20of%20nuclear%20receptors%20linked%20to%20adaptive%20thermogenesis&journal=Cell&doi=10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2981410-5&volume=92&pages=829-839&publication_year=1998&author=Puigserver%2CP's revenue stream
- Learn how profitable https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980611-X is on a monthly basis
- How much money does http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Mechanisms%20controlling%20mitochondrial%20biogenesis%20and%20respiration%20through%20the%20thermogenic%20coactivator%20PGC-1&journal=Cell&doi=10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980611-X&volume=98&pages=115-124&publication_year=1999&author=Wu%2CZ generate?
- How much does https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.20.5.1868-1876.2000 pull in monthly?
- What is the earnings of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20coactivator%20PGC-1%20cooperates%20with%20peroxisome%20proliferator-activated%20receptor%20%CE%B1%20in%20transcriptional%20control%20of%20nuclear%20genes%20encoding%20mitochondrial%20fatty%20acid%20oxidation%20enzymes&journal=Mol.%20Cell.%20Biol.&doi=10.1128%2FMCB.20.5.1868-1876.2000&volume=20&pages=1868-1876&publication_year=2000&author=Vega%2CRB&author=Huss%2CJM&author=Kelly%2CDP?
- What's the financial intake of https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fphysrev.1991.71.2.541?
- Earnings of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Molecular%20and%20cellular%20adaptation%20of%20muscle%20in%20response%20to%20exercise%3A%20perspectives%20of%20various%20models&journal=Physiol.%20Rev.&doi=10.1152%2Fphysrev.1991.71.2.541&volume=71&pages=541-585&publication_year=1991&author=Booth%2CFW&author=Thomason%2CDB
- How much does https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjappl.2001.90.3.1137 generate monthly?
- What's the income of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Contractile%20activity-induced%20mitochondrial%20biogenesis%20in%20skeletal%20muscle&journal=J.%20Appl.%20Physiol.&doi=10.1152%2Fjappl.2001.90.3.1137&volume=90&pages=1137-1157&publication_year=2001&author=Hood%2CDA?
- What is the earnings of https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjappl.1972.33.3.312?
- Earnings of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Enzyme%20activity%20and%20fibre%20composition%20in%20skeletal%20muscle%20of%20untrained%20and%20trained%20men&journal=J.%20Appl.%20Physiol.&doi=10.1152%2Fjappl.1972.33.3.312&volume=33&pages=312-319&publication_year=1972&author=Gollnick%2CPD
- What's the profit of https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4598%28199611%2919%3A11%3C1469%3A%3AAID-MUS11%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O?
- How much does http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Fast-to-slow%20transformation%20in%20stimulated%20rat%20muscle&journal=Muscle%20Nerve&doi=10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4598%28199611%2919%3A11%3C1469%3A%3AAID-MUS11%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O&volume=19&pages=1469-1475&publication_year=1996&author=Jarvis%2CJC rake in every month?
- Check the income stats for https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.12.16.2499
- What's the monthly income of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20calcineurin-dependent%20transcriptional%20pathway%20controls%20skeletal%20muscle%20fibre%20type&journal=Genes%20Dev.&doi=10.1101%2Fgad.12.16.2499&volume=12&pages=2499-2509&publication_year=1998&author=Chin%2CER?
- How much does https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.275.7.4545 pull in monthly?
- http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Stimulation%20of%20slow%20skeletal%20muscle%20fibre%20gene%20expression%20by%20calcineurin%20in%20vivo&journal=J.%20Biol.%20Chem.&doi=10.1074%2Fjbc.275.7.4545&volume=275&pages=4545-4548&publication_year=2000&author=Naya%2CFJ's revenue stream
- Learn how profitable https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M000430200 is on a monthly basis
- What's the profit of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Calcineurin%20co-regulates%20contractile%20and%20metabolic%20components%20of%20slow%20muscle%20phenotype&journal=J.%20Biol.%20Chem.&doi=10.1074%2Fjbc.M000430200&volume=275&pages=19653-19660&publication_year=2000&author=Bigard%2CX?
- Learn how profitable https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291521-1878%28200006%2922%3A6%3C510%3A%3AAID-BIES4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-1 is on a monthly basis
- Earnings of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Remodeling%20muscles%20with%20calcineurin&journal=Bioassays&doi=10.1002%2F%28SICI%291521-1878%28200006%2922%3A6%3C510%3A%3AAID-BIES4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-1&volume=22&pages=510-519&publication_year=2000&author=Olson%2CEN&author=Williams%2CRS
- How much profit does https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI10268 generate?
- Monthly income for http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Peroxisome%20proliferator-activated%20receptor%20%CE%B3%20coactivator-1%20promotes%20cardiac%20mitochondrial%20biogenesis&journal=J.%20Clin.%20Invest.&doi=10.1172%2FJCI10268&volume=106&pages=847-856&publication_year=2000&author=Lehman%2CJJ
- Learn about the earnings of https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35093050
- What are the total earnings of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Control%20of%20hepatic%20gluconeogenesis%20through%20the%20transcriptional%20coactivator%20PGC-1&journal=Nature&doi=10.1038%2F35093050&volume=413&pages=131-138&publication_year=2001&author=Yoon%2CJC?
- Financial intake of https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1999.5977
- How much income is http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Human%20peroxisome%20proliferator%20activated%20receptor%20gamma%20coactivator%201%20%28PPARGC1%29%20gene%3A%20cDNA%20sequence%2C%20genomic%20organization%2C%20chromosomal%20localization%2C%20and%20tissue%20expression&journal=Genomics&doi=10.1006%2Fgeno.1999.5977&volume=62&pages=98-102&publication_year=1999&author=Esterbauer%2CH earning monthly?
- What's the financial intake of https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.C100631200?
- How much does http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=PGC-1%CE%B2%3A%20a%20novel%20PGC-1%20related%20transcription%20coactivator%20associated%20with%20host%20cell%20factor&journal=J.%20Biol.%20Chem.&doi=10.1074%2Fjbc.C100631200&volume=277&pages=1645-1648&publication_year=2002&author=Lin%2CJ net monthly?
- Monthly income for https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.9.8.3393
- What are the total earnings of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Muscle%20creatine%20kinase%20sequence%20elements%20regulating%20skeletal%20and%20cardiac%20muscle%20expression%20in%20transgenic%20mice&journal=Mol.%20Cell.%20Biol.&doi=10.1128%2FMCB.9.8.3393&volume=9&pages=3393-3399&publication_year=1989&author=Johnson%2CJE&author=Wold%2CBJ&author=Hauschka%2CSD?
- How much does https://doi.org/10.3109%2F10520299009105613 pull in?
- What's the monthly money flow for http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20metachromatic%20dye-ATPase%20method%20for%20the%20simultaneous%20identification%20of%20skeletal%20muscle%20fibre%20types%20I%2C%20IIA%2C%20IIB%20and%20IIC&journal=Stain%20Technol.&doi=10.3109%2F10520299009105613&volume=65&pages=231-241&publication_year=1990&author=Ogilvie%2CRW&author=Feeback%2CDL?
- How much does https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpcell.2001.281.5.C1487 earn?
- How much does http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Functional%20and%20molecular%20adaptations%20in%20skeletal%20muscle%20of%20myoglobin-mutant%20mice&journal=Am.%20J.%20Physiol.%20Cell%20Physiol.&doi=10.1152%2Fajpcell.2001.281.5.C1487&volume=281&pages=C1487-C1494&publication_year=2001&author=Grange%2CRW net monthly?
- What's the financial gain of https://doi.org/10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.9.1963?
- Income figures for http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=MEF2%20responds%20to%20multiple%20calcium-regulated%20signals%20in%20the%20control%20of%20skeletal%20muscle%20fibre%20type&journal=EMBO%20J.&doi=10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.9.1963&volume=19&pages=1963-1973&publication_year=2000&author=Wu%2CH
- Profit of https://doi.org/10.1093%2Femboj%2F20.22.6414
- What are the total earnings of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Activation%20of%20MEF2%20by%20muscle%20activity%20is%20mediated%20through%20a%20calcineurin-dependent%20pathway&journal=EMBO%20J.&doi=10.1093%2Femboj%2F20.22.6414&volume=20&pages=6414-6423&publication_year=2001&author=Wu%2CH?
- What's the financial outcome of https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.19.1.515?
- Monthly income for http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Fibre-type-specific%20transcription%20of%20the%20troponin%20I%20slow%20gene%20is%20regulated%20by%20multiple%20elements&journal=Mol.%20Cell.%20Biol.&doi=10.1128%2FMCB.19.1.515&volume=19&pages=515-525&publication_year=1999&author=Calvo%2CS
- What's the monthly money flow for https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.cellbio.14.1.167?
- What's the financial gain of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Transcriptional%20control%20of%20muscle%20development%20by%20myocyte%20enhancer%20factor-2%20%28MEF2%29%20proteins&journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Cell%20Dev.%20Biol.&doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.cellbio.14.1.167&volume=14&pages=167-196&publication_year=1998&author=Black%2CBL&author=Olson%2CEN?
- Learn how profitable https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.20.17.6600-6611.2000 is on a monthly basis
- Get to know http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20calcineurin-NFATc3-dependent%20pathway%20regulates%20skeletal%20muscle%20differentiation%20and%20slow%20myosin%20heavy-chain%20expression&journal=Mol.%20Cell.%20Biol.&doi=10.1128%2FMCB.20.17.6600-6611.2000&volume=20&pages=6600-6611&publication_year=2000&author=Delling%2CU's earnings
- How much cash flow does https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.061035098 have monthly?
- Explore the financials of http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Restoration%20of%20insulin-sensitive%20glucose%20transporter%20%28Glut4%29%20gene%20expression%20in%20muscle%20cells%20by%20the%20transcriptional%20coactivator%20PGC-1&journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.061035098&volume=98&pages=3820-3825&publication_year=2001&author=Michael%2CLF
- How much does https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.16.5.2408 bring in each month?
- How much does http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Common%20core%20sequences%20are%20found%20in%20skeletal%20muscle%20slow-%20and%20fast-fibre-type-specific%20regulatory%20elements&journal=Mol.%20Cell.%20Biol.&doi=10.1128%2FMCB.16.5.2408&volume=16&pages=2408-2417&publication_year=1996&author=Nakayama%2CM earn?
- How much revenue does https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fbbrc.2000.3134 generate?
- Find out how much http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=cDNA%20cloning%20and%20mRNA%20analysis%20of%20PGC-1%20in%20epitrochlearis%20muscle%20in%20swimming-exercised%20rats&journal=Biochem.%20Biophys.%20Res.%20Comm.&doi=10.1006%2Fbbrc.2000.3134&volume=274&pages=350-354&publication_year=2000&author=Goto%2CM earns monthly
- What is the monthly revenue of https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1038/nature00904?format=refman&flavour=references?
- What's the financial intake of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Jiandie%20Lin?
- What's the income generated by https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Jiandie%20Lin%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en each month?
- What's the revenue for https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Hai%20Wu?
- What's the profit of https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Hai%20Wu%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en?
- Financial intake of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Paul%20T.%20Tarr
- What is the monthly revenue of https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Paul%20T.%20Tarr%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en?
- What are the earnings of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Chen-Yu%20Zhang?
- https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Chen-Yu%20Zhang%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en's total income per month
- How much profit does https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Zhidan%20Wu generate?
- How much profit is https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Zhidan%20Wu%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en making per month?
- Monthly income for https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Olivier%20Boss
- What's the monthly income of https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Olivier%20Boss%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en?
- How much cash flow does https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Laura%20F.%20Michael have monthly?
- What's the financial outcome of https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Laura%20F.%20Michael%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en?
- How much revenue does https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Pere%20Puigserver bring in?
- How much income does https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Pere%20Puigserver%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en have?
- What is the earnings of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Eiji%20Isotani?
- https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Eiji%20Isotani%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en's total income per month
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Eric%20N.%20Olson's financial summary
- How much profit is https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Eric%20N.%20Olson%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en making per month?
- What's the monthly income of https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Bradford%20B.%20Lowell?
- What is the earnings of https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Bradford%20B.%20Lowell%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en?
- How much does https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Rhonda%20Bassel-Duby generate monthly?
- Find out how much https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Rhonda%20Bassel-Duby%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en earns monthly
- How profitable is https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Bruce%20M.%20Spiegelman?
- How much revenue does https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Bruce%20M.%20Spiegelman%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en produce monthly?
- What's the revenue for https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Transcriptional%20co-activator%20PGC-1%CE%B1%20drives%20the%20formation%20of%20slow-twitch%20muscle%20fibres&author=Jiandie%20Lin%20et%20al&contentID=10.1038%2Fnature00904©right=Macmillan%20Magazines%20Ltd.&publication=0028-0836&publicationDate=2002-08-15&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true?
- What's the financial gain of https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1038/nature00904?format=refman&flavour=citation?
- What is the earnings of https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-023-00968-4?
- Learn about the earnings of https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52198-x
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50464-y's total income per month
- What's the profit of https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02007-2?
- What's the financial outcome of https://doi.org/10.1186/s13395-023-00327-x?
- How much income does https://www.protocols.io/ have?
- Learn about the earnings of https://www.natureindex.com/
- How much does http://www.naturechina.com pull in?
- Check the income stats for https://www.natureasia.com/ja-jp
Analytics and Tracking {📊}
- Google Tag Manager
Libraries {📚}
- Prism.js
- Zoom.js
Emails and Hosting {✉️}
Mail Servers:
- mxa-002c5801.gslb.pphosted.com
- mxb-002c5801.gslb.pphosted.com
Name Servers:
- pdns1.ultradns.net
- pdns2.ultradns.net
- pdns3.ultradns.org
- pdns4.ultradns.org
- pdns5.ultradns.info
- pdns6.ultradns.co.uk
CDN Services {📦}
- Crossref