Here's how LINK.SPRINGER.COM makes money* and how much!

*Please read our disclaimer before using our estimates.
Loading...

LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}

  1. Analyzed Page
  2. Matching Content Categories
  3. CMS
  4. Monthly Traffic Estimate
  5. How Does Link.springer.com Make Money
  6. Keywords
  7. Topics
  8. Questions
  9. Schema
  10. External Links
  11. Analytics And Tracking
  12. Libraries
  13. CDN Services

We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40168-015-0131-4.

Title:
Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses of phage communities in the human gut | Microbiome
Description:
The human gut is densely populated with archaea, eukaryotes, bacteria, and their viruses, such as bacteriophages. Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) as well as bioinformatics have opened new opportunities for characterizing the viral communities harbored in our gut. However, limited attention has been given to the efficiency of protocols dealing with extraction of phages from fecal communities prior to HTS and their impact on the metagenomic dataset. We describe two optimized methods for extraction of phages from fecal samples based on tangential-flow filtration (TFF) and polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG) approaches using an adapted method from a published protocol as control (literature-adapted protocol (LIT)). To quantify phage recovery, samples were spiked with low numbers of c2, ϕ29, and T4 phages (representatives of the Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Myoviridae families, respectively) and their concentration (plaque-forming units) followed at every step during the extraction procedure. Compared with LIT, TFF and PEG had higher recovery of all spiked phages, yielding up to 16 times more phage particles (PPs) and up to 68 times more phage DNA per volume, increasing thus the chances of extracting low abundant phages. TFF- and PEG-derived metaviromes showed 10 % increase in relative abundance of Caudovirales and unclassified phages infecting gut-associated bacteria (>92 % for TFF and PEG, 82.4 % for LIT). Our methods obtained lower relative abundance of the Myoviridae family (<16 %) as compared to the reference protocol (22 %). This decline, however, was not considered a true loss of Myoviridae phages but rather a greater level of extraction of Siphoviridae phages (TFF and PEG >32.5 %, LIT 22.6 %), which was achieved with the enhanced conditions of our procedures (e.g., reduced filter clogging). A high degree of phage diversity in samples extracted using TFF and PEG was documented by transmission electron microscopy. Two procedures (TFF and PEG) for extraction of bacteriophages from fecal samples were optimized using a set of spiked bacteriophages as process control. These protocols are highly efficient tools for extraction and purification of PPs prior to HTS in phage-metavirome studies. Our methods can be easily modified, being thus applicable and adjustable for in principle any solid environmental material in dissolution.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

  • Education
  • Science
  • Business & Finance

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month


Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.

check SE Ranking
check Ahrefs
check Similarweb
check Ubersuggest
check Semrush

How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

We can't see how the site brings in money.

Not every website is profit-driven; some are created to spread information or serve as an online presence. Websites can be made for many reasons. This could be one of them. Link.springer.com could be secretly minting cash, but we can't detect the process.

Keywords {🔍}

pubmed, article, phage, phages, dna, google, scholar, tff, samples, peg, lit, extraction, bacteriophages, pps, cas, protocols, fig, human, gut, central, optimized, fecal, procedures, reads, viral, metaviromes, extracted, metagenomic, sequences, analysis, recovery, spiked, methods, diversity, viruses, sequencing, number, particles, cscl, protocol, obtained, myoviridae, sample, filtration, siphoviridae, higher, purification, carried, analyses, method,

Topics {✒️}

uk/ena/data/view/prjeb8354 article download pdf long capsid-anchored whiskers active/induced prophages found 2 × 300 bp pair-ended miseq counteracting age-related loss process-controlled deep sequencing solid environmental sample/material tangential-flow filtration approach tangential-flow filtration demonstrated pair-ended reads obtained tangential-flow filtration step transmission electron microscopy solid environmental material single-stranded dna viruses zymo research d4010 rna viral community privacy choices/manage cookies article castro-mejía polyethylene glycol precipitation full access purple-line boxes generate viral metagenomes cell wall debris miseq illumina platform photometrics coolsnap cf creative commons license phage-bacterial host dynamics uncultured viral community raw paired-end reads larger pore size human gut metagenomes airborne lactococcal bacteriophages high-throughput sequencing bacterial community shift tangential-flow filtration viral discovery methodology human microbiome samples phage community structure annu rev med human faecal metagenomes capsid sizes smaller influential entities modulating pair-ended reads viral nucleic acids remove large particles remove external dna 21 bacteriophage subfamilies/genera tangential-flow filtrations european economic area

Questions {❓}

  • Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease: a role for bacteriophages?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses of phage communities in the human gut
         description:The human gut is densely populated with archaea, eukaryotes, bacteria, and their viruses, such as bacteriophages. Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) as well as bioinformatics have opened new opportunities for characterizing the viral communities harbored in our gut. However, limited attention has been given to the efficiency of protocols dealing with extraction of phages from fecal communities prior to HTS and their impact on the metagenomic dataset. We describe two optimized methods for extraction of phages from fecal samples based on tangential-flow filtration (TFF) and polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG) approaches using an adapted method from a published protocol as control (literature-adapted protocol (LIT)). To quantify phage recovery, samples were spiked with low numbers of c2, ϕ29, and T4 phages (representatives of the Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Myoviridae families, respectively) and their concentration (plaque-forming units) followed at every step during the extraction procedure. Compared with LIT, TFF and PEG had higher recovery of all spiked phages, yielding up to 16 times more phage particles (PPs) and up to 68 times more phage DNA per volume, increasing thus the chances of extracting low abundant phages. TFF- and PEG-derived metaviromes showed 10 % increase in relative abundance of Caudovirales and unclassified phages infecting gut-associated bacteria (>92 % for TFF and PEG, 82.4 % for LIT). Our methods obtained lower relative abundance of the Myoviridae family (<16 %) as compared to the reference protocol (22 %). This decline, however, was not considered a true loss of Myoviridae phages but rather a greater level of extraction of Siphoviridae phages (TFF and PEG >32.5 %, LIT 22.6 %), which was achieved with the enhanced conditions of our procedures (e.g., reduced filter clogging). A high degree of phage diversity in samples extracted using TFF and PEG was documented by transmission electron microscopy. Two procedures (TFF and PEG) for extraction of bacteriophages from fecal samples were optimized using a set of spiked bacteriophages as process control. These protocols are highly efficient tools for extraction and purification of PPs prior to HTS in phage-metavirome studies. Our methods can be easily modified, being thus applicable and adjustable for in principle any solid environmental material in dissolution.
         datePublished:2015-11-17T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2015-11-17T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
         pageEnd:14
         license:http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-015-0131-4
         keywords:
            Quantification of bacteriophages
            Extraction procedures
            Feces
            Gut microbiome
            Phage metavirome
            Medical Microbiology
            Bioinformatics
            Microbial Ecology
            Microbiology
            Microbial Genetics and Genomics
            Virology
         image:
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig1_HTML.gif
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig2_HTML.gif
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig3_HTML.gif
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig4_HTML.gif
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig5_HTML.gif
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig6_HTML.gif
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig7_HTML.gif
         isPartOf:
            name:Microbiome
            issn:
               2049-2618
            volumeNumber:3
            type:
               Periodical
               PublicationVolume
         publisher:
            name:BioMed Central
            logo:
               url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
               type:ImageObject
            type:Organization
         author:
               name:Josué L. Castro-Mejía
               url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-8205
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Copenhagen
                     address:
                        name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               email:[email protected]
               type:Person
               name:Musemma K. Muhammed
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Copenhagen
                     address:
                        name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Witold Kot
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Copenhagen
                     address:
                        name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:Aarhus University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Horst Neve
               affiliation:
                     name:Max Rubner-Institut
                     address:
                        name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Charles M. A. P. Franz
               affiliation:
                     name:Max Rubner-Institut
                     address:
                        name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Lars H. Hansen
               affiliation:
                     name:Aarhus University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Finn K. Vogensen
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Copenhagen
                     address:
                        name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Dennis S. Nielsen
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Copenhagen
                     address:
                        name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
         isAccessibleForFree:1
         type:ScholarlyArticle
      context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses of phage communities in the human gut
      description:The human gut is densely populated with archaea, eukaryotes, bacteria, and their viruses, such as bacteriophages. Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) as well as bioinformatics have opened new opportunities for characterizing the viral communities harbored in our gut. However, limited attention has been given to the efficiency of protocols dealing with extraction of phages from fecal communities prior to HTS and their impact on the metagenomic dataset. We describe two optimized methods for extraction of phages from fecal samples based on tangential-flow filtration (TFF) and polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG) approaches using an adapted method from a published protocol as control (literature-adapted protocol (LIT)). To quantify phage recovery, samples were spiked with low numbers of c2, ϕ29, and T4 phages (representatives of the Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Myoviridae families, respectively) and their concentration (plaque-forming units) followed at every step during the extraction procedure. Compared with LIT, TFF and PEG had higher recovery of all spiked phages, yielding up to 16 times more phage particles (PPs) and up to 68 times more phage DNA per volume, increasing thus the chances of extracting low abundant phages. TFF- and PEG-derived metaviromes showed 10 % increase in relative abundance of Caudovirales and unclassified phages infecting gut-associated bacteria (>92 % for TFF and PEG, 82.4 % for LIT). Our methods obtained lower relative abundance of the Myoviridae family (<16 %) as compared to the reference protocol (22 %). This decline, however, was not considered a true loss of Myoviridae phages but rather a greater level of extraction of Siphoviridae phages (TFF and PEG >32.5 %, LIT 22.6 %), which was achieved with the enhanced conditions of our procedures (e.g., reduced filter clogging). A high degree of phage diversity in samples extracted using TFF and PEG was documented by transmission electron microscopy. Two procedures (TFF and PEG) for extraction of bacteriophages from fecal samples were optimized using a set of spiked bacteriophages as process control. These protocols are highly efficient tools for extraction and purification of PPs prior to HTS in phage-metavirome studies. Our methods can be easily modified, being thus applicable and adjustable for in principle any solid environmental material in dissolution.
      datePublished:2015-11-17T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2015-11-17T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:1
      pageEnd:14
      license:http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-015-0131-4
      keywords:
         Quantification of bacteriophages
         Extraction procedures
         Feces
         Gut microbiome
         Phage metavirome
         Medical Microbiology
         Bioinformatics
         Microbial Ecology
         Microbiology
         Microbial Genetics and Genomics
         Virology
      image:
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig1_HTML.gif
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig2_HTML.gif
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig3_HTML.gif
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig4_HTML.gif
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig5_HTML.gif
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig6_HTML.gif
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40168-015-0131-4/MediaObjects/40168_2015_131_Fig7_HTML.gif
      isPartOf:
         name:Microbiome
         issn:
            2049-2618
         volumeNumber:3
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:BioMed Central
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Josué L. Castro-Mejía
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-8205
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Copenhagen
                  address:
                     name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            email:[email protected]
            type:Person
            name:Musemma K. Muhammed
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Copenhagen
                  address:
                     name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Witold Kot
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Copenhagen
                  address:
                     name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Aarhus University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Horst Neve
            affiliation:
                  name:Max Rubner-Institut
                  address:
                     name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Charles M. A. P. Franz
            affiliation:
                  name:Max Rubner-Institut
                  address:
                     name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Lars H. Hansen
            affiliation:
                  name:Aarhus University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Finn K. Vogensen
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Copenhagen
                  address:
                     name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Dennis S. Nielsen
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Copenhagen
                  address:
                     name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
      isAccessibleForFree:1
["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]:
      name:Microbiome
      issn:
         2049-2618
      volumeNumber:3
Organization:
      name:BioMed Central
      logo:
         url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
         type:ImageObject
      name:University of Copenhagen
      address:
         name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Copenhagen
      address:
         name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Copenhagen
      address:
         name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Aarhus University
      address:
         name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Max Rubner-Institut
      address:
         name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Max Rubner-Institut
      address:
         name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Aarhus University
      address:
         name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Copenhagen
      address:
         name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Copenhagen
      address:
         name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
         type:PostalAddress
ImageObject:
      url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
Person:
      name:Josué L. Castro-Mejía
      url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-8205
      affiliation:
            name:University of Copenhagen
            address:
               name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
      name:Musemma K. Muhammed
      affiliation:
            name:University of Copenhagen
            address:
               name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Witold Kot
      affiliation:
            name:University of Copenhagen
            address:
               name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Aarhus University
            address:
               name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Horst Neve
      affiliation:
            name:Max Rubner-Institut
            address:
               name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Charles M. A. P. Franz
      affiliation:
            name:Max Rubner-Institut
            address:
               name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Lars H. Hansen
      affiliation:
            name:Aarhus University
            address:
               name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Finn K. Vogensen
      affiliation:
            name:University of Copenhagen
            address:
               name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Dennis S. Nielsen
      affiliation:
            name:University of Copenhagen
            address:
               name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
      name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
      name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
      name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
      name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
      name:Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
      name:Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
      name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
      name:Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark

External Links {🔗}(213)

Analytics and Tracking {📊}

  • Google Tag Manager

Libraries {📚}

  • Clipboard.js
  • Prism.js

CDN Services {📦}

  • Crossref

5.66s.