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We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13058-016-0713-5.

Title:
Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as a novel mechanism of resistance to estrogen deprivation in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer | Breast Cancer Research
Description:
Background Therapies targeting estrogenic stimulation in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) reduce mortality, but resistance remains a major clinical problem. Molecular studies have shown few high-frequency mutations to be associated with endocrine resistance. In contrast, expression profiling of primary ER+ BC samples has identified several promising signatures/networks for targeting. Methods To identify common adaptive mechanisms associated with resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs), we assessed changes in global gene expression during adaptation to long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) in a panel of ER+ BC cell lines cultured in 2D on plastic (MCF7, T47D, HCC1428, SUM44 and ZR75.1) or in 3D on collagen (MCF7) to model the stromal compartment. Furthermore, dimethyl labelling followed by LC-MS/MS was used to assess global changes in protein abundance. The role of target genes/proteins on proliferation, ER-mediated transcription and recruitment of ER to target gene promoters was analysed. Results The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway was the common upregulated pathway in the ER+ LTED but not the ERโ€“ LTED cell lines, suggesting a potential mechanism dependent on continued ER expression. Targeting the individual genes of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway with siRNAs caused a 30โ€“50 % drop in proliferation. Further analysis showed increased expression of 25-hydroxycholesterol (HC) in the MCF7 LTED cells. Exogenous 25-HC or 27-HC increased ER-mediated transcription and expression of the endogenous estrogen-regulated gene TFF1 in ER+ LTED cells but not in the ERโ€“ LTED cells. Additionally, recruitment of the ER and CREB-binding protein (CBP) to the TFF1 and GREB1 promoters was increased upon treatment with 25-HC and 27-HC. In-silico analysis of two independent studies of primary ER+ BC patients treated with neoadjuvant AIs showed that increased expression of MSMO1, EBP, LBR and SQLE enzymes, required for cholesterol synthesis and increased in our in-vitro models, was significantly associated with poor response to endocrine therapy. Conclusion Taken together, these data provide support for the role of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and the cholesterol metabolites, 25-HC and 27-HC, in a novel mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy in ER+ BC that has potential as a therapeutic target.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {๐Ÿ“š}

  • Science
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Content Management System {๐Ÿ“}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {๐Ÿ“ˆ}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

๐ŸŒ  Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month


Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 7,642,828 visitors per month in the current month.

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How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {๐Ÿ’ธ}

We don't see any clear sign of profit-making.

Many websites are intended to earn money, but some serve to share ideas or build connections. Websites exist for all kinds of purposes. This might be one of them. Link.springer.com could be getting rich in stealth mode, or the way it's monetizing isn't detectable.

Keywords {๐Ÿ”}

pubmed, lted, cancer, article, google, scholar, expression, cas, breast, cell, cells, cholesterol, data, estrogen, gene, response, mcf, pathway, treated, resistance, biosynthesis, analysis, fig, central, patients, receptor, proliferation, genes, therapy, wtmcf, effect, showed, poor, endocrine, lines, additional, clinical, shown, tamoxifen, file, increased, sqle, oxysterols, res, transcription, enzymes, protein, tff, clin, deprivation,

Topics {โœ’๏ธ}

hanne roberg-larsen egfr/akt/srebp-1/ldlr-dependent pathway 8p11-p12-amplified breast carcinomas lesley-ann martin pi3k/akt/mtor pathway pi3k/akt/mtor axis [41 low-density lipoprotein receptor article download pdf silac-based quantitative proteomics 8p11-p12 chromosomal region estrogen receptor signaling estrogen receptor-positive long-term estrogen deprivation sep-pak c18 cartridges kaplanโ€“meier plots revealing kaplan-meier plots revealing lc-ms/ms analysis 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase hrโ€‰+โ€‰/her2- breast cancer phenol red-free rpmi early-stage breast cancer humanht-12_v4 expression beadchips 27-hydroxycholesterol promotes cell-autonomous long-term oestrogen-deprivation discover protein-dna interactions pure anti-estrogen fulvestrant er ligand-binding domain thousand cell-scale quantification side chain-hydroxylated oxysterols endogenous e-regulated gene full access enhanced estrogen receptor dcc dextran-coated charcoal adipocyte-secreted endocrine factors functional er-transcription axis lbd ligand-binding domain poor long-term outcome individual cholesterol-biosynthesis enzymes patient-level meta-analysis akt-srebp-1-dependent ere-linked luciferase reporter endogenous e-regulated genes lc-ms/ms wild-type er-mediated transcription estrogen deprivation support brb-arraytools data archive proteome-wide protein quantification early breast cancer full-scan spectrum

Schema {๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ}

WebPage:
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         headline:Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as a novel mechanism of resistance to estrogen deprivation in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
         description:Therapies targeting estrogenic stimulation in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) reduce mortality, but resistance remains a major clinical problem. Molecular studies have shown few high-frequency mutations to be associated with endocrine resistance. In contrast, expression profiling of primary ER+ BC samples has identified several promising signatures/networks for targeting. To identify common adaptive mechanisms associated with resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs), we assessed changes in global gene expression during adaptation to long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) in a panel of ER+ BC cell lines cultured in 2D on plastic (MCF7, T47D, HCC1428, SUM44 and ZR75.1) or in 3D on collagen (MCF7) to model the stromal compartment. Furthermore, dimethyl labelling followed by LC-MS/MS was used to assess global changes in protein abundance. The role of target genes/proteins on proliferation, ER-mediated transcription and recruitment of ER to target gene promoters was analysed. The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway was the common upregulated pathway in the ER+ LTED but not the ERโ€“ LTED cell lines, suggesting a potential mechanism dependent on continued ER expression. Targeting the individual genes of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway with siRNAs caused a 30โ€“50 % drop in proliferation. Further analysis showed increased expression of 25-hydroxycholesterol (HC) in the MCF7 LTED cells. Exogenous 25-HC or 27-HC increased ER-mediated transcription and expression of the endogenous estrogen-regulated gene TFF1 in ER+ LTED cells but not in the ERโ€“ LTED cells. Additionally, recruitment of the ER and CREB-binding protein (CBP) to the TFF1 and GREB1 promoters was increased upon treatment with 25-HC and 27-HC. In-silico analysis of two independent studies of primary ER+ BC patients treated with neoadjuvant AIs showed that increased expression of MSMO1, EBP, LBR and SQLE enzymes, required for cholesterol synthesis and increased in our in-vitro models, was significantly associated with poor response to endocrine therapy. Taken together, these data provide support for the role of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and the cholesterol metabolites, 25-HC and 27-HC, in a novel mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy in ER+ BC that has potential as a therapeutic target.
         datePublished:2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
         pageEnd:14
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         keywords:
            Breast cancer
            Estrogen receptor
            Cholesterol biosynthesis
            Oxysterol
            Transcriptomics
            Proteomics
            Cancer Research
            Oncology
            Surgical Oncology
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      headline:Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as a novel mechanism of resistance to estrogen deprivation in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
      description:Therapies targeting estrogenic stimulation in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) reduce mortality, but resistance remains a major clinical problem. Molecular studies have shown few high-frequency mutations to be associated with endocrine resistance. In contrast, expression profiling of primary ER+ BC samples has identified several promising signatures/networks for targeting. To identify common adaptive mechanisms associated with resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs), we assessed changes in global gene expression during adaptation to long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) in a panel of ER+ BC cell lines cultured in 2D on plastic (MCF7, T47D, HCC1428, SUM44 and ZR75.1) or in 3D on collagen (MCF7) to model the stromal compartment. Furthermore, dimethyl labelling followed by LC-MS/MS was used to assess global changes in protein abundance. The role of target genes/proteins on proliferation, ER-mediated transcription and recruitment of ER to target gene promoters was analysed. The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway was the common upregulated pathway in the ER+ LTED but not the ERโ€“ LTED cell lines, suggesting a potential mechanism dependent on continued ER expression. Targeting the individual genes of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway with siRNAs caused a 30โ€“50 % drop in proliferation. Further analysis showed increased expression of 25-hydroxycholesterol (HC) in the MCF7 LTED cells. Exogenous 25-HC or 27-HC increased ER-mediated transcription and expression of the endogenous estrogen-regulated gene TFF1 in ER+ LTED cells but not in the ERโ€“ LTED cells. Additionally, recruitment of the ER and CREB-binding protein (CBP) to the TFF1 and GREB1 promoters was increased upon treatment with 25-HC and 27-HC. In-silico analysis of two independent studies of primary ER+ BC patients treated with neoadjuvant AIs showed that increased expression of MSMO1, EBP, LBR and SQLE enzymes, required for cholesterol synthesis and increased in our in-vitro models, was significantly associated with poor response to endocrine therapy. Taken together, these data provide support for the role of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and the cholesterol metabolites, 25-HC and 27-HC, in a novel mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy in ER+ BC that has potential as a therapeutic target.
      datePublished:2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:1
      pageEnd:14
      license:http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-016-0713-5
      keywords:
         Breast cancer
         Estrogen receptor
         Cholesterol biosynthesis
         Oxysterol
         Transcriptomics
         Proteomics
         Cancer Research
         Oncology
         Surgical Oncology
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            name:Qiong Gao
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                  address:
                     name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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            address:
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      name:Qiong Gao
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            name:The Institute of Cancer Research
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      name:Sunil Pancholi
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            name:The Institute of Cancer Research
            address:
               name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
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            name:University of Oslo
            address:
               name:Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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            address:
               name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
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      name:Ricardo Ribas
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            name:The Institute of Cancer Research
            address:
               name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
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      name:Elizabeth Folkerd
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            name:The Institute of Cancer Research
            address:
               name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
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            name:Royal Marsden Hospital
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               name:Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
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      name:Andrew Thompson
      affiliation:
            name:Institute of Cancer Research
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               name:Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Amandeep Bhamra
      affiliation:
            name:Institute of Cancer Research
            address:
               name:Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Mitch Dowsett
      affiliation:
            name:The Institute of Cancer Research
            address:
               name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Royal Marsden Hospital
            address:
               name:Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Lesley-Ann Martin
      affiliation:
            name:The Institute of Cancer Research
            address:
               name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
      name:Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
      name:Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
      name:The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK

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