We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-015-0356-y.

Title:
‘Medusa head ataxia’: the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 1: Anti-mGluR1, anti-Homer-3, anti-Sj/ITPR1 and anti-CARP VIII | Journal of Neuroinflammation
Description:
Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as ‘Medusa-head antibodies’ due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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Keywords {🔍}

pubmed, google, scholar, article, cas, cerebellar, ataxia, receptor, mglur, antibodies, protein, central, glutamate, patient, patients, homer, cell, metabotropic, paraneoplastic, itpr, viii, cells, receptors, antibody, cerebellum, neurol, purkinje, autoantibodies, human, mice, brain, proteins, inositol, gene, rat, calcium, igg, found, expression, trisphosphate, degeneration, aca, carp, synaptic, antimglur, type, sca, ihc, syndrome, serum,

Topics {✒️}

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis sex-determining region y-box including n-methyl d-aspartate anti-voltage-gated calcium channel anti-ca/rhogtpase-activating protein 26 anti-ca/rhogtpase-activating protein 26 bin–amphiphysin–rvs beta-nap carbonic anhydrase-related protein carbonic anhydrase-related polypeptide g-protein-binding c-terminus carbonic anhydrase-related proteins voltage-gated calcium channels carp viii-ab-positive aca n-terminal suppressor/coupling domain g-protein-coupled receptors long-term synaptic plasticity anti-ca/anti-arhgap26 antibodies anti-glial nuclear antibody anti-carp viii-positive aca ip3r-binding protein released short-term synaptic plasticity anti-glutamate receptor delta-2 excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamate insp3-gated channel protein guanine nucleotide-binding protein gamma-aminobutyric acid type lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome �medusa-head antibodies’ due lung cancer-related autoimmunity paraformaldehyde-fixed rat tissues anti-gd1b igg antibody formalin-fixed frozen sections detecting anti-carp viii n-type ca2+ channels amplifying calcium-dependent apoptosis central nervous system type calcium-channel antibodies small-cell lung cancer small-cell lung cancer central ca motif recombinant cell-based assay glutamic acid decarboxylase epidermal growth factor anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ataxic guillain-barré syndrome m-type potassium channels glutamate/depolarisation conjunctive stimulation snap-frozen cerebellum sections short-term memory loss

Questions {❓}

Lurching, reeling, waddling and staggering in mice—is carbonic anhydrase (CA) VIII a candidate gene?
Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 autoantibody-associated cerebellitis: a primary autoimmune disease?

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as ‘Medusa-head antibodies’ due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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            Cerebellitis
            Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
            Autoantibodies
            Purkinje cells
            Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) antibodies
            Homer-3 antibodies
            Anti-Sj
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            Neurosciences
            Neurology
            Neurobiology
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      headline:‘Medusa head ataxia’: the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 1: Anti-mGluR1, anti-Homer-3, anti-Sj/ITPR1 and anti-CARP VIII
      description:Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as ‘Medusa-head antibodies’ due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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         Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia
         Cerebellitis
         Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
         Autoantibodies
         Purkinje cells
         Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) antibodies
         Homer-3 antibodies
         Anti-Sj
         Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1, I3PR) antibodies
         Carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII (CARP VIII) antibodies
         Protein kinase gamma (PKCγ) antibodies
         Anti-Ca
         Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26, GRAF) antibodies
         Glutamate receptor delta2 (GluRδ2) antibodies
         Anti-Yo
         Cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2) antibodies
         Cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2-like (CDR2L) antibodies
         Purkinje cell antibody 2 (PCA-2)
         Anti-Tr
         Delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER) antibodies
         Anti-Nb
         Anti-AP3B2
         Neuronal adaptin-like protein (beta-NAP) antibodies
         Voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies
         Neurosciences
         Neurology
         Neurobiology
         Immunology
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