We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12950-015-0072-5.

Title:
Expression of hedgehog signal pathway in articular cartilage is associated with the severity of cartilage damage in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis | Journal of Inflammation
Description:
Background Cartilage damage is a crucial step in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease progress while its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigated the expression of hedgehog (Hh) signal pathway in articular cartilage of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and its possible pathological role in cartilage damage. Methods 30 rats were divided into sham and AIA group (n = 15). Complete Freund’s adjuvant was used to induce AIA. Secondary paw swelling was measured on day 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 after induction. Rats were sacrificed on day 26 and knee joints and cartilage tissues were collected. Paw swelling, cartilage histopathologic changes and OARSI scores were used to evaluate AIA in rats. The protein expression of Hh signal related genes (Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1) in cartilage were assayed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, type-II collagen (COII) and aggrecan in cartilage were assayed by real-time PCR. In vitro study, cultured AIA chondrocytes were treated with cyclopamine (a specific inhibitor of Hh signal) and the mRNA levels of Hh signal and ECM components (COII and aggrecan) were measured by real-time PCR. Results Immunohistochemical results revealed that Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1 proteins showed higher expression in the articular cartilage of AIA rats than those of sham rats. Real-time PCR results confirmed that Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1 mRNA levels in cartilage tissues of AIA rats were significantly increased compared with those of sham rats (1.6, 1.4, 1.6, 2.0 fold, respectively). The mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 were associated with the severity of cartilage damage (indicated by OARSI scores, COII and aggrecan mRNA levels in cartilage). In vitro, cyclopamine effectively decreased the mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1, and increased the mRNA levels of COII and aggrecan in AIA chondrocytes, suggesting Hh signal inhibition might directly promote ECM production. Conclusions Our findings present certain experimental evidence that Hh signal pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of cartilage damage in RA.
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Keywords {🔍}

cartilage, aia, rats, articular, shh, ptch, smo, gli, chondrocytes, mrna, signal, levels, article, pubmed, expression, sham, damage, coii, google, scholar, aggrecan, arthritis, figure, positive, cas, hedgehog, cyclopamine, cultured, results, severity, study, staining, cells, pathway, knee, vitro, ecm, group, oarsi, analysis, day, scores, related, increased, adjuvantinduced, rheumatoid, paw, joints, genes, realtime,

Topics {✒️}

acid-sensing ion channels rat adjuvant-induced arthritis perform real-time pcr article download pdf real-time quantitative pcr hedgehog signalling real time q-pcr real-time q-pcr open access license semi-quantitative optical analysis adjuvant-induced arthritis full size image semi-quantitative analysis results collagen-induced arthritis privacy choices/manage cookies key regulatory molecules hedgehog signal pathway real-time pcr positive cells/total cells specialized research fund promote chondrocyte hypertrophy rheumatoid arthritis hh signal pathway indian hedgehog produced transcription factors encoded arthritis res ther hh pathway caused ra including inflammation full access ihh signaling pathway related subjects toluidine blue staining secondary paw swelling semi-quantitative analyses hedgehog ligand stimulation groups including chondrocytes suitable experimental model hedgehog signaling pathways modulating hedgehog signaling type-ii collagen aggressive pannus formation main structural collagen significantly correlated negatively sterile paraffin oil determine relative amount relative amplification efficiencies q-pcr results article li experimental animal center regulated hh signal

Questions {❓}

Evaluation of therapeutic targets in animal models of arthritis: how does it relate to rheumatoid arthritis?

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         headline:Expression of hedgehog signal pathway in articular cartilage is associated with the severity of cartilage damage in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis
         description:Cartilage damage is a crucial step in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease progress while its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigated the expression of hedgehog (Hh) signal pathway in articular cartilage of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and its possible pathological role in cartilage damage. 30 rats were divided into sham and AIA group (n = 15). Complete Freund’s adjuvant was used to induce AIA. Secondary paw swelling was measured on day 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 after induction. Rats were sacrificed on day 26 and knee joints and cartilage tissues were collected. Paw swelling, cartilage histopathologic changes and OARSI scores were used to evaluate AIA in rats. The protein expression of Hh signal related genes (Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1) in cartilage were assayed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, type-II collagen (COII) and aggrecan in cartilage were assayed by real-time PCR. In vitro study, cultured AIA chondrocytes were treated with cyclopamine (a specific inhibitor of Hh signal) and the mRNA levels of Hh signal and ECM components (COII and aggrecan) were measured by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical results revealed that Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1 proteins showed higher expression in the articular cartilage of AIA rats than those of sham rats. Real-time PCR results confirmed that Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1 mRNA levels in cartilage tissues of AIA rats were significantly increased compared with those of sham rats (1.6, 1.4, 1.6, 2.0 fold, respectively). The mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 were associated with the severity of cartilage damage (indicated by OARSI scores, COII and aggrecan mRNA levels in cartilage). In vitro, cyclopamine effectively decreased the mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1, and increased the mRNA levels of COII and aggrecan in AIA chondrocytes, suggesting Hh signal inhibition might directly promote ECM production. Our findings present certain experimental evidence that Hh signal pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of cartilage damage in RA.
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      headline:Expression of hedgehog signal pathway in articular cartilage is associated with the severity of cartilage damage in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis
      description:Cartilage damage is a crucial step in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease progress while its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigated the expression of hedgehog (Hh) signal pathway in articular cartilage of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and its possible pathological role in cartilage damage. 30 rats were divided into sham and AIA group (n = 15). Complete Freund’s adjuvant was used to induce AIA. Secondary paw swelling was measured on day 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 after induction. Rats were sacrificed on day 26 and knee joints and cartilage tissues were collected. Paw swelling, cartilage histopathologic changes and OARSI scores were used to evaluate AIA in rats. The protein expression of Hh signal related genes (Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1) in cartilage were assayed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, type-II collagen (COII) and aggrecan in cartilage were assayed by real-time PCR. In vitro study, cultured AIA chondrocytes were treated with cyclopamine (a specific inhibitor of Hh signal) and the mRNA levels of Hh signal and ECM components (COII and aggrecan) were measured by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical results revealed that Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1 proteins showed higher expression in the articular cartilage of AIA rats than those of sham rats. Real-time PCR results confirmed that Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1 mRNA levels in cartilage tissues of AIA rats were significantly increased compared with those of sham rats (1.6, 1.4, 1.6, 2.0 fold, respectively). The mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 were associated with the severity of cartilage damage (indicated by OARSI scores, COII and aggrecan mRNA levels in cartilage). In vitro, cyclopamine effectively decreased the mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1, and increased the mRNA levels of COII and aggrecan in AIA chondrocytes, suggesting Hh signal inhibition might directly promote ECM production. Our findings present certain experimental evidence that Hh signal pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of cartilage damage in RA.
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         Immunology
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         Cytokines and Growth Factors
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         Pharmacology/Toxicology
         Gastroenterology
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      name:Key Laboratory for Bioactivity of Natural Medicine of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
      name:School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
      name:Key Laboratory for Bioactivity of Natural Medicine of Anhui Province, Hefei, China

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