We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12876-014-0189-7.

Title:
Intestinal permeability – a new target for disease prevention and therapy | BMC Gastroenterology
Description:
Data are accumulating that emphasize the important role of the intestinal barrier and intestinal permeability for health and disease. However, these terms are poorly defined, their assessment is a matter of debate, and their clinical significance is not clearly established. In the present review, current knowledge on mucosal barrier and its role in disease prevention and therapy is summarized. First, the relevant terms ‘intestinal barrier’ and ‘intestinal permeability’ are defined. Secondly, the key element of the intestinal barrier affecting permeability are described. This barrier represents a huge mucosal surface, where billions of bacteria face the largest immune system of our body. On the one hand, an intact intestinal barrier protects the human organism against invasion of microorganisms and toxins, on the other hand, this barrier must be open to absorb essential fluids and nutrients. Such opposing goals are achieved by a complex anatomical and functional structure the intestinal barrier consists of, the functional status of which is described by ‘intestinal permeability’. Third, the regulation of intestinal permeability by diet and bacteria is depicted. In particular, potential barrier disruptors such as hypoperfusion of the gut, infections and toxins, but also selected over-dosed nutrients, drugs, and other lifestyle factors have to be considered. In the fourth part, the means to assess intestinal permeability are presented and critically discussed. The means vary enormously and probably assess different functional components of the barrier. The barrier assessments are further hindered by the natural variability of this functional entity depending on species and genes as well as on diet and other environmental factors. In the final part, we discuss selected diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability such as critically illness, inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, food allergy, irritable bowel syndrome, and – more recently recognized – obesity and metabolic diseases. All these diseases are characterized by inflammation that might be triggered by the translocation of luminal components into the host. In summary, intestinal permeability, which is a feature of intestinal barrier function, is increasingly recognized as being of relevance for health and disease, and therefore, this topic warrants more attention.
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Keywords {🔍}

intestinal, pubmed, google, scholar, barrier, cas, permeability, gut, disease, microbiota, cell, central, epithelial, patients, function, cells, liver, bacteria, increased, bowel, tight, van, diseases, bacterial, human, probiotics, role, mucosal, inflammatory, effects, proteins, mucus, junction, intestine, metabolic, inflammation, small, probiotic, syndrome, table, studies, gastroenterology, ibd, mice, health, buurman, physiol, diet, translocation, immune,

Topics {✒️}

vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin/protease irritable bowel syndrome–focus ifn-gamma-induced dysfunction fructose-induced hepatic steatosis alpha-glutathione s-transferase chemotherapy-induced enterocyte toxicity dss-induced colitis showed enteric nervous system glutathione s-transferase isoenzyme jörg-dieter schulzke fructose-induced liver steatosis called short-circuit current exert anti-inflammatory effects increased proteasome-mediated degradation conventional short-circuiting technique visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons mast cell-dependent excitation commensals reverse tnf-alpha steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inflammation-induced intestinal permeability helicobacter pylori caga iga-producing plasma cells colonic ht-29/b6 cells enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli epithelial tight junctions microorganisms including alpha-defensins fructose-induced endotoxin translocation induces hepatic steatosis irritable bowel syndrome germ-free mice treated article download pdf epithelial apical-junctional complex galactooligosaccharide-supplemented enteral nutrition full size image enteropathogenic escherichia coli endogenous cannabinoid system fecal human β-defensin-2 intestinal tight junctions discontinuous tight junctions full size table metagenome-wide association study diet-induced obese mice enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay de bruïne ap recent meta-analysis drew time-consuming urine collection probiotic lactobacillus strains vitamin a-deficient diet mast cell-derived histamine inwardly directed osmotic

Questions {❓}

Are changes in intestinal microbiota in diseases such as IBS or IBD cause or effect of the disease?
Bischoff SC: Gut health: a new objective in medicine?
Can an "unhealthy microbiota" affect intestinal permeability in a negative way?
Can we look at the intestinal microbiota as a novel therapeutic tool to improve intestinal permeability and gut health?
Food intake is of importance for the intestinal microbiota composition as well as for intestinal permeability, but to which extent?
Hoffmann DE: Health claim regulation of probiotics in the USA and the EU: is there a middle way?
Intestinal permeability – a new target in health and disease?
May GR, Sutherland LR, Meddings JB: Is small intestinal permeability really increased in relatives of patients with Crohn's disease?
What is the clinical significance of the intestinal barrier and intestinal permeability?
What is the difference between intestinal barrier and intestinal permeability?
Why do we need a gut barrier?

Schema {🗺️}

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      name:Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck, Austria
      name:Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
      name:Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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