We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/bcr2222.

Title:
Gene expression profiling of the tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression | Breast Cancer Research
Description:
Introduction The importance of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer has been increasingly recognized. Critical molecular changes in the tumor stroma accompanying cancer progression, however, remain largely unknown. We conducted a comparative analysis of global gene expression changes in the stromal and epithelial compartments during breast cancer progression from normal to preinvasive to invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods We combined laser capture microdissection and gene expression microarrays to analyze 14 patient-matched normal epithelium, normal stroma, tumor epithelium and tumor-associated stroma specimens. Differential gene expression and gene ontology analyses were performed. Results Tumor-associated stroma undergoes extensive gene expression changes during cancer progression, to a similar extent as that seen in the malignant epithelium. Highly upregulated genes in the tumor-associated stroma include constituents of the extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteases, and cell-cycle-related genes. Decreased expression of cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins and increased expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were observed in both the tumor epithelium and the stroma. The transition from preinvasive to invasive growth was accompanied by increased expression of several matrix metalloproteases (MMP2, MMP11 and MMP14). Furthermore, as observed in malignant epithelium, a gene expression signature of histological tumor grade also exists in the stroma, with high-grade tumors associated with increased expression of genes involved in immune response. Conclusions Our results suggest that the tumor microenvironment participates in tumorigenesis even before tumor cells invade into stroma, and that it may play important roles in the transition from preinvasive to invasive growth. The immune cells in the tumor stroma may be exploited by the malignant epithelial cells in high-grade tumors for aggressive invasive growth.
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stroma, expression, cancer, tumor, gene, breast, pubmed, genes, article, google, scholar, normal, epithelium, stromal, cells, cas, ductal, invasive, dcis, cell, carcinoma, idc, table, figure, analysis, progression, expressed, microenvironment, epithelial, grade, compartment, ribosomal, central, mmp, data, situ, malignant, matrix, study, protein, human, idcs, differentially, full, tumors, shown, samples, file, molecular, microdissection,

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article download pdf estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer quantitative real-time pcr full size image real-time pcr assays laser capture microdissection gov/geo/query/acc vitamin k-dependent proteins extracellular-matrix-remodeling matrix metalloproteases google scholar 417 cell-type-specific genes progression-specific genes identified tumour-host interface elevated sdf-1/cxcl12 secretion tumor growth-suppressing effects breast-cancer stromal cells fresh-frozen biopsies obtained gene expression omnibus high-grade tumors represents membrane-type matrix metalloprotease gene expression signatures rijn van de enriched ontology terms cell-cycle-related genes aggressive high-grade tumors massachusetts general hospital gene expression signature open software development stroma-produced matrix metalloproteases tumor-adjacent stroma coevolves primary breast cancer gene expression profiling gene expression profiles gene products required breast cancer metastasis full access additional matrix metalloprotease mesenchymal stromal cells breast cancer progression gene ontology analyses privacy choices/manage cookies gene ontology analysis breast cancer patients human breast cancer ribosomal protein-encoding genes tumor-activated stroma unexplored authors’ original file oligonucleotide microarray analysis gene ontology consortium gene expression accompanying

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