We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/bcr1648.

Title:
Oestrogen receptor negative breast cancers exhibit high cytokine content | Breast Cancer Research
Description:
Introduction An emerging hypothesis suggests that cytokines could play an important role in cancer as potential modulators of angiogenesis and leucocyte infiltration. Methods A novel multiplexed flow cytometry technology was used to measure the expression of 17 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 [p70], IL-13, IL-17, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [CSF], granulocyte-macrophage CSF, IFN-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1β, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α) at the protein level in 105 breast carcinoma. B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and macrophage levels were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Fourteen of the 17 cytokines were expressed in breast carcinoma, whereas only nine cytokines could be detected in normal breast. Most cytokines were more abundant in breast carcinoma than in normal breast, with IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and MIP-1β being very abundant. IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1β and TNF-α, and to a lesser extent IL-1β and IL-13 exhibited levels of expression that were inversely correlated to oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. Most cytokines were not correlated with age at cancer diagnosis, tumour size, histological type, or lymph node status. However, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, MCP-1 and MIP-1β were more abundant in high-grade tumours than in low-grade tumours. In addition, IL-8 and MIP-1β were expressed to a greater degree in HER2-positive than in HER2-negative patients. The expression of most of the studied cytokines was correlated to levels of activator protein-1, which is known to regulate numerous cytokines. Overexpression of MCP-1 and MIP-1β were linked to B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, whereas high levels of IL-8 were correlated with high macrophage content in tumour. Moreover, IL-8 positive tumours exhibited increased vascularization. Conclusion We found that multiple cytokines were overexpressed in oestrogen receptor negative breast carcinoma, and that the three major cytokines – MCP-1, MIP-1β and IL-8 – were correlated with inflammatory cell component, which could account for the aggressiveness of these tumours.
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breast, cancer, cytokines, expression, pubmed, article, levels, google, scholar, mcp, cas, tumours, mipβ, ilβ, tumour, carcinoma, correlated, high, table, cytokine, status, cells, protein, receptor, interleukin, patients, ifnγ, infiltration, correlation, tnfα, normal, factor, size, fgμg, analysis, macrophage, abundant, human, file, content, leucocyte, age, cell, full, progesterone, samples, additional, exhibited, lymphocytes, assay,

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[32p]-labelled double-strand oligonucleotides article download pdf specific dna-binding sites estrogen-receptor-negative status crlc val d'aurelle receptor-positive tumor phenotype tumour necrosis factor full access er-negative breast tumours alcohol-formalin-acetic acid uterine cervical cancers direct cell-cell interaction th1/th2 cytokine production gel shift experiments paracrine growth factor er-negative tumour samples 17-beta-estradiol suppresses il-2 oestrogen receptor high macrophage content er-negative tumours compared progesterone receptor status global cancer statistics tumour leucocyte infiltration estrogen receptor levels pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines published affect tumour growth human breast cancer granulocyte-macrophage csf privacy choices/manage cookies high macrophage infiltration preventing protein binding invasive breast carcinoma nondenaturating gel electrophoresis human breast tumours her2-targeted antibody therapy tumour immunology cervical cancers [36–38] metastatic breast cancer breast cancer invasion true er negative human breast carcinoma marked leucocyte infiltration independent prognostic factor normal breast exhibited sophie gourgou-bourgade related subjects breast cancer biopsies robust leucocyte infiltration high cytokine levels

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WebPage:
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         headline:Oestrogen receptor negative breast cancers exhibit high cytokine content
         description:An emerging hypothesis suggests that cytokines could play an important role in cancer as potential modulators of angiogenesis and leucocyte infiltration. A novel multiplexed flow cytometry technology was used to measure the expression of 17 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 [p70], IL-13, IL-17, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [CSF], granulocyte-macrophage CSF, IFN-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1β, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α) at the protein level in 105 breast carcinoma. B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and macrophage levels were determined by immunohistochemistry. Fourteen of the 17 cytokines were expressed in breast carcinoma, whereas only nine cytokines could be detected in normal breast. Most cytokines were more abundant in breast carcinoma than in normal breast, with IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and MIP-1β being very abundant. IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1β and TNF-α, and to a lesser extent IL-1β and IL-13 exhibited levels of expression that were inversely correlated to oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. Most cytokines were not correlated with age at cancer diagnosis, tumour size, histological type, or lymph node status. However, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, MCP-1 and MIP-1β were more abundant in high-grade tumours than in low-grade tumours. In addition, IL-8 and MIP-1β were expressed to a greater degree in HER2-positive than in HER2-negative patients. The expression of most of the studied cytokines was correlated to levels of activator protein-1, which is known to regulate numerous cytokines. Overexpression of MCP-1 and MIP-1β were linked to B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, whereas high levels of IL-8 were correlated with high macrophage content in tumour. Moreover, IL-8 positive tumours exhibited increased vascularization. We found that multiple cytokines were overexpressed in oestrogen receptor negative breast carcinoma, and that the three major cytokines – MCP-1, MIP-1β and IL-8 – were correlated with inflammatory cell component, which could account for the aggressiveness of these tumours.
         datePublished:2007-01-29T00:00:00Z
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            Progesterone Receptor
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            Progesterone Receptor Expression
            Healthy Breast
            Cancer Research
            Oncology
            Surgical Oncology
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      headline:Oestrogen receptor negative breast cancers exhibit high cytokine content
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         Progesterone Receptor
         Breast Carcinoma
         Progesterone Receptor Expression
         Healthy Breast
         Cancer Research
         Oncology
         Surgical Oncology
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      name:Pathology Department, CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
      name:Biostatistics Unit, CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
      name:INSERM, U844, Site Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, University of Montpellier I, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, F-34091, France, Montpellier, France
      name:Pathology Department, CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
      name:CNRS, UMR 5160, Centre de Pharmacologie et Biotechnologie pour la Sante, Faculte de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
      name:Pathology Department, CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
      name:INSERM, U844, Site Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, University of Montpellier I, rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, F-34091, France, Montpellier, France

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