We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/bcr1368.

Title:
Key stages in mammary gland development: The cues that regulate ductal branching morphogenesis | Breast Cancer Research
Description:
Part of how the mammary gland fulfills its function of producing and delivering adequate amounts of milk is by forming an extensive tree-like network of branched ducts from a rudimentary epithelial bud. This process, termed branching morphogenesis, begins in fetal development, pauses after birth, resumes in response to estrogens at puberty, and is refined in response to cyclic ovarian stimulation once the margins of the mammary fat pad are met. Thus it is driven by systemic hormonal stimuli that elicit local paracrine interactions between the developing epithelial ducts and their adjacent embryonic mesenchyme or postnatal stroma. This local cellular cross-talk, in turn, orchestrates the tissue remodeling that ultimately produces a mature ductal tree. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, our understanding of branching in the mammary gland and elsewhere is rapidly improving. Moreover, many of these mechanisms are hijacked, bypassed, or corrupted during the development and progression of cancer. Thus a clearer understanding of the underlying endocrine and paracrine pathways that regulate mammary branching may shed light on how they contribute to cancer and how their ill effects might be overcome or entirely avoided.
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Keywords {🔍}

mammary, branching, development, ductal, pubmed, article, morphogenesis, google, scholar, gland, cas, receptor, cells, mice, epithelial, cell, growth, stromal, egfr, mechanisms, factor, igf, breast, embryonic, central, ducts, formation, signaling, form, required, cancer, teb, effects, mmp, role, estrogen, biol, regulate, receptors, essential, expression, amphiregulin, tgfβ, fat, local, tebs, addition, absence, progesterone, erbb,

Topics {✒️}

e-cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion heterozygous tgf-β1-deficient mice regulating mt1-mmp-mediated activation brown diaminobenzidine-stained nuclei parathyroid hormone-related protein wild-type fat pads egfr-null newborns revealed netrin-neogenin interactions stabilize activate latent tgf-β1 g-protein-coupled receptors estrogen receptor-alpha knockout tnf-α-converting enzyme cryptic integrin-binding sites //breast-cancer-research mouse strain-specific patterns full size image α2 integrin-deficient mice transforming growth factor-α mammary side-branching patterns block tertiary side-branching epithelium-free fat pads er-α-null mice enzyme-mediated ecm remodeling rescue igf-1-null glands post-pubertal mammary morphogenesis normal tgf-β1 levels central lymph node defy secondary side-branching disk-shaped placodes form dimensional matrix micro-environment local cellular cross-talk laminin receptor dystro-glycan growth-factor-induced branching bone marrow transplantation involve anti-adhesive mechanisms er-α-deficient mice [28] mice lacking er-α inactivate igf-binding proteins mice lacking er-β abnormal intra-ductal morphology strain-specific genetic effects environmental health sciences receptor tyrosine kinase epithelial-stromal cross-talk terminal end buds female breast development sustained release implants mammary-targeted csf-1 transgene fibroblast-rich stromal collar transmembrane tyrosine kinase

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Schema {🗺️}

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         headline:Key stages in mammary gland development: The cues that regulate ductal branching morphogenesis
         description:Part of how the mammary gland fulfills its function of producing and delivering adequate amounts of milk is by forming an extensive tree-like network of branched ducts from a rudimentary epithelial bud. This process, termed branching morphogenesis, begins in fetal development, pauses after birth, resumes in response to estrogens at puberty, and is refined in response to cyclic ovarian stimulation once the margins of the mammary fat pad are met. Thus it is driven by systemic hormonal stimuli that elicit local paracrine interactions between the developing epithelial ducts and their adjacent embryonic mesenchyme or postnatal stroma. This local cellular cross-talk, in turn, orchestrates the tissue remodeling that ultimately produces a mature ductal tree. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, our understanding of branching in the mammary gland and elsewhere is rapidly improving. Moreover, many of these mechanisms are hijacked, bypassed, or corrupted during the development and progression of cancer. Thus a clearer understanding of the underlying endocrine and paracrine pathways that regulate mammary branching may shed light on how they contribute to cancer and how their ill effects might be overcome or entirely avoided.
         datePublished:2005-12-05T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2005-12-05T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
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         keywords:
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            Mammary Development
            Discoidin Domain Receptor
            Ductal Development
            Neogenin
            Cancer Research
            Oncology
            Surgical Oncology
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ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:Key stages in mammary gland development: The cues that regulate ductal branching morphogenesis
      description:Part of how the mammary gland fulfills its function of producing and delivering adequate amounts of milk is by forming an extensive tree-like network of branched ducts from a rudimentary epithelial bud. This process, termed branching morphogenesis, begins in fetal development, pauses after birth, resumes in response to estrogens at puberty, and is refined in response to cyclic ovarian stimulation once the margins of the mammary fat pad are met. Thus it is driven by systemic hormonal stimuli that elicit local paracrine interactions between the developing epithelial ducts and their adjacent embryonic mesenchyme or postnatal stroma. This local cellular cross-talk, in turn, orchestrates the tissue remodeling that ultimately produces a mature ductal tree. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, our understanding of branching in the mammary gland and elsewhere is rapidly improving. Moreover, many of these mechanisms are hijacked, bypassed, or corrupted during the development and progression of cancer. Thus a clearer understanding of the underlying endocrine and paracrine pathways that regulate mammary branching may shed light on how they contribute to cancer and how their ill effects might be overcome or entirely avoided.
      datePublished:2005-12-05T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2005-12-05T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:1
      pageEnd:11
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         Myoepithelial Cell
         Mammary Development
         Discoidin Domain Receptor
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         Neogenin
         Cancer Research
         Oncology
         Surgical Oncology
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            name:Mark D Sternlicht
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