We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1743-8454-1-2.

Title:
Evidence of connections between cerebrospinal fluid and nasal lymphatic vessels in humans, non-human primates and other mammalian species | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
Description:
Background The parenchyma of the brain does not contain lymphatics. Consequently, it has been assumed that arachnoid projections into the cranial venous system are responsible for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. However, recent quantitative and qualitative evidence in sheep suggest that nasal lymphatics have the major role in CSF transport. Nonetheless, the applicability of this concept to other species, especially to humans has never been clarified. The purpose of this study was to compare the CSF and nasal lymph associations in human and non-human primates with those observed in other mammalian species. Methods Studies were performed in sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, monkeys and humans. Immediately after sacrifice (or up to 7 hours after death in humans), yellow Microfil was injected into the CSF compartment. The heads were cut in a sagittal plane. Results In the seven species examined, Microfil was observed primarily in the subarachnoid space around the olfactory bulbs and cribriform plate. The contrast agent followed the olfactory nerves and entered extensive lymphatic networks in the submucosa associated with the olfactory and respiratory epithelium. This is the first direct evidence of the association between the CSF and nasal lymph compartments in humans. Conclusions The fact that the pattern of Microfil distribution was similar in all species tested, suggested that CSF absorption into nasal lymphatics is a characteristic feature of all mammals including humans. It is tempting to speculate that some disorders of the CSF system (hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension for example) may relate either directly or indirectly to a lymphatic CSF absorption deficit.
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Keywords {🔍}

microfil, csf, lymphatic, fluid, olfactory, google, scholar, cerebrospinal, sheep, transport, species, vessels, subarachnoid, article, cas, pubmed, space, nasal, lymphatics, observed, johnston, system, cribriform, plate, nerves, absorption, lymph, sagittal, tracer, pressure, arachnoid, studies, figure, humans, cranial, human, pathways, physiol, mice, drainage, images, sinus, brain, intracranial, evidence, access, performed, research, ethmoid, projections,

Topics {✒️}

giselle salmasi & dianna armstrong idiopathic intracranial hypertension wild-type c57/bl mice article download pdf applying post-mortem observations free-flow pressure system full size image csf-lymph connections exist emerging nerve roots olfactory nerve branches c7 cervical-thoracic level superior sagittal sinus csf-nasal lymph connections privacy choices/manage cookies related subjects authors’ original file cerebrospinal fluid system gradient favouring absorption intracranial pressures achieved cerebrospinal fluid outflow intracranial pressure accommodation intracranial pressure ix microfil distribution patterns species post-mortem cervical lymphatic system full access cerebrospinal fluid transport cerebrospinal fluid absorption elevated intracranial pressure cranial venous system blocking pathways leading cerebrospinal fluid drainage cervical lymphatic pressure lymphatic vessels located large olfactory bulbs lymphatic transport capacity lymphatic diversion/ligation infusion pressures effective measured infusion pressures cranial venous sinuses sophisticated olfactory mechanisms olfactory area adjacent deep olfactory fosse central nervous system lymphatic csf transport cerebral interstitial fluid attendant lymphatic vessels intact lymphatic vessels cranial absorption pathways ethmoid turbinal systems

Questions {❓}

Lymphatic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in mammals – are arachnoid granulations the main route of cerebrospinal fluid outflow?
Papaiconomou C, Bozanovic-Sosic R, Zakharov A, Johnston M: Does neonatal cerebrospinal fluid absorption occur via arachnoid projections or extracranial lymphatics?

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