We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1476-9255-2-8.

Title:
Mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection | Journal of Inflammation
Description:
Adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells offer the potential to open a new frontier in medicine. Regenerative medicine aims to replace effete cells in a broad range of conditions associated with damaged cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon and ligament. However the normal process of immune rejection of mismatched allogeneic tissue would appear to prevent the realisation of such ambitions. In fact mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection in humans and in animal models. These finding are supported by in vitro co-culture studies. Three broad mechanisms contribute to this effect. Firstly, mesenchymal stem cells are hypoimmunogenic, often lacking MHC-II and costimulatory molecule expression. Secondly, these stem cells prevent T cell responses indirectly through modulation of dendritic cells and directly by disrupting NK as well as CD8+ and CD4+ T cell function. Thirdly, mesenchymal stem cells induce a suppressive local microenvironment through the production of prostaglandins and interleukin-10 as well as by the expression of indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase, which depletes the local milieu of tryptophan. Comparison is made to maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft, and contrasted with the immune evasion mechanisms of tumor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are a highly regulated self-renewing population of cells with potent mechanisms to avoid allogeneic rejection.
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28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

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Keywords {🔍}

cells, msc, pubmed, google, scholar, cell, cas, stem, mesenchymal, human, allogeneic, immune, expression, tolerance, immunol, studies, mechanisms, responses, showed, tumor, role, factor, bone, marrow, regulatory, growth, blood, dendritic, transplantation, proliferation, differentiation, evidence, suppression, central, rejection, findings, mhc, mlr, hgf, function, mahon, class, molecules, phenotype, tgfβ, data, potential, tissue, vitro, production,

Topics {✒️}

transforming growth factor-beta induce t-cell unresponsiveness hepatocyte growth factor allogeneic t-cell proliferation macrophage colony-stimulating factor mixed lymphocyte reactions monocyte-derived dendritic cells tumor-derived prostaglandins increased hgf receptor/c-met banna minipig inbred-line freshly isolated tumor-infiltrating mesenchymal stem cells tumor-host immune interactions split t-cell tolerance epithelial cell-cell interactions open access article autologous-blood stem cells stem cell factor[62 full size image van der bruggen suppress tumor-specific cd8 recognized growth factor article download pdf 3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation mixed lymphocyte augment tgf-β1 concentration[42] adult stem cells human msc-mediated inhibition growth factor production pge-inducible regulatory proteins bone marrow cells phase-contrast light microscopy t-cell subsets[28] stable mixed chimerism reaction msc avoid allogeneic rejection multipotent cells capable bone marrow transplantation express ido-mediated suppression th1/th2 phenotype differentiation prolonged graft survival[19] natural killer cells direct anti-inflammatory effect stem cell lineages divisional arrest anergy autologous culture-expanded msc humoral immune responses host immune responses acute incisional wounds hematopoietic stem cells

Questions {❓}

Introduction: What are Stem Cells?
It is apparent that the question facing the application of regenerative medicine is no longer "how do MSC escape alloreactivity?
Mills KH: Regulatory T cells: friend or foe in immunity to infection?

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:Adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells offer the potential to open a new frontier in medicine. Regenerative medicine aims to replace effete cells in a broad range of conditions associated with damaged cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon and ligament. However the normal process of immune rejection of mismatched allogeneic tissue would appear to prevent the realisation of such ambitions. In fact mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection in humans and in animal models. These finding are supported by in vitro co-culture studies. Three broad mechanisms contribute to this effect. Firstly, mesenchymal stem cells are hypoimmunogenic, often lacking MHC-II and costimulatory molecule expression. Secondly, these stem cells prevent T cell responses indirectly through modulation of dendritic cells and directly by disrupting NK as well as CD8+ and CD4+ T cell function. Thirdly, mesenchymal stem cells induce a suppressive local microenvironment through the production of prostaglandins and interleukin-10 as well as by the expression of indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase, which depletes the local milieu of tryptophan. Comparison is made to maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft, and contrasted with the immune evasion mechanisms of tumor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are a highly regulated self-renewing population of cells with potent mechanisms to avoid allogeneic rejection.
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      headline:Mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection
      description:Adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells offer the potential to open a new frontier in medicine. Regenerative medicine aims to replace effete cells in a broad range of conditions associated with damaged cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon and ligament. However the normal process of immune rejection of mismatched allogeneic tissue would appear to prevent the realisation of such ambitions. In fact mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection in humans and in animal models. These finding are supported by in vitro co-culture studies. Three broad mechanisms contribute to this effect. Firstly, mesenchymal stem cells are hypoimmunogenic, often lacking MHC-II and costimulatory molecule expression. Secondly, these stem cells prevent T cell responses indirectly through modulation of dendritic cells and directly by disrupting NK as well as CD8+ and CD4+ T cell function. Thirdly, mesenchymal stem cells induce a suppressive local microenvironment through the production of prostaglandins and interleukin-10 as well as by the expression of indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase, which depletes the local milieu of tryptophan. Comparison is made to maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft, and contrasted with the immune evasion mechanisms of tumor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are a highly regulated self-renewing population of cells with potent mechanisms to avoid allogeneic rejection.
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         Hepatocyte Growth Factor
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         Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction
         Dendritic Cell Maturation
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         Allergology
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         Rheumatology
         Pharmacology/Toxicology
         Gastroenterology
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