We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2431-14-243.

Title:
Predictors for early introduction of solid food among Danish mothers and infants: an observational study | BMC Pediatrics
Description:
Background Early introduction of complementary feeding may interfere with breastfeeding and the infant’s self-controlled appetite resulting in increased growth. The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors for early introduction of solid food. Methods In an observational study Danish mothers filled in a self-administered questionnaire approximately six months after birth. The questionnaire included questions about factors related to the infant, the mother, attachment and feeding known to influence time for introduction of solid food. The study population consisted of 4503 infants. Data were analysed using ordered logistic regression models. Outcome variable was time for introduction to solid food. Results Almost all of the included infants 4386 (97%) initiated breastfeeding. At weeks 16, 17–25, 25+, 330 infants (7%); 2923 (65%); and 1250 (28%), respectively had been introduced to solid food. Full breastfeeding at five weeks was the most influential predictor for later introduction of solid food (OR = 2.52 CI: 1.93-3.28). Among infant factors male gender, increased gestational age at birth, and higher birth weight were found to be statistically significant predictors. Among maternal factors, lower maternal age, higher BMI, and being primipara were significant predictors, and among attachment factors mother’s reported perception of the infant as being temperamental, and not recognising early infant cues of hunger were significant predictors for earlier introduction of solid food. Supplementary analyses of interactions between the predictors showed that the association of maternal perceived infant temperament on early introduction was restricted to primiparae, that the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI had no impact if the infant was fully breastfed at week five, and that birth weight was only associated if the mother had reported early uncertainty in recognising infant’s cues of hunger. Conclusions Breastfeeding was the single most powerful indicator for preventing early introduction to solid food. Modifiable predictors pointed to the importance of supporting breastfeeding and educating primipara and mothers with low birth weight infants to be able to read and respond to their infants’ cues to prevent early introduction to solid food.
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28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

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Keywords {🔍}

food, solid, introduction, infant, infants, breastfeeding, mothers, feeding, article, pubmed, early, google, scholar, study, factors, weeks, maternal, birth, health, months, time, weight, age, included, data, perception, temperament, complementary, attachment, cues, predictors, mother, earlier, bmi, duration, variables, association, analysis, full, introduced, hunger, breastfed, formula, model, central, information, related, found, risk, denmark,

Topics {✒️}

int/gb/archive/pdf_files/wha55/ea5515 int/gb/archive/pdf_files/wha54/ea54id4 uk/dataset/infant-feeding-survey-2010 hoegh-guldbergs gade 6a lower pre-pregnancy bmi open access license care-giver oriented strategy pre-paid return envelope body mass index health service-related correlates article download pdf civil registration system bmc pregnancy childbirth health care system australian mother-infant dyads bottle-feeding mother behaving pre-pregnancy bmi privacy choices/manage cookies ordered logistic regression cross-sectional study design solid food/spoon food large sample size world health assembly rapid weight gain full size table pediatr endocrinol metab article kronborg recent research points health care systems logistic regression model started spoon feeding logistic regression analysis pre-publication history maternal socio-demographic investigating feeding practices financial competing interest central region pressuring feeding style body weight control heinig mj slower weight gain high birth weight african-american community authors’ original file socio-demographic factors socio-demographic variables early feeding practices related subjects positive health outcomes pressuring feeding styles

Questions {❓}

Duration of full and partial breastfeeding was measured using a slight modification of indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices (21) by asking the mother: How many months and weeks did you breastfeed your baby without giving any supplement at all?
How many months and weeks was your baby when you stopped breastfeeding?
Li R, Fein SB, Grummer-Strawn LM: Do infants fed from bottles lack self-regulation of milk intake compared with directly breastfed infants?
Mother’s later perception of infant temperament was measured by asking: how is your child’s temperament now generally speaking?
Siega-Riz AM, Deming DM, Reidy KC, Fox MK, Condon E, Briefel RR: Food consumption patterns of infants and toddlers: where are we now?
Taveras EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Scanlon KS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Sherry B, Gillman MW: To what extent is the protective effect of breastfeeding on future overweight explained by decreased maternal feeding restriction?
To measure time for introduction of solid food mothers were asked: how many months and weeks was your child when you started spoon feeding with mash or porridge?
Wright CM, Parkinson KN, Drewett RF: Why are babies weaned early?

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:Early introduction of complementary feeding may interfere with breastfeeding and the infant’s self-controlled appetite resulting in increased growth. The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors for early introduction of solid food. In an observational study Danish mothers filled in a self-administered questionnaire approximately six months after birth. The questionnaire included questions about factors related to the infant, the mother, attachment and feeding known to influence time for introduction of solid food. The study population consisted of 4503 infants. Data were analysed using ordered logistic regression models. Outcome variable was time for introduction to solid food. Almost all of the included infants 4386 (97%) initiated breastfeeding. At weeks 16, 17–25, 25+, 330 infants (7%); 2923 (65%); and 1250 (28%), respectively had been introduced to solid food. Full breastfeeding at five weeks was the most influential predictor for later introduction of solid food (OR = 2.52 CI: 1.93-3.28). Among infant factors male gender, increased gestational age at birth, and higher birth weight were found to be statistically significant predictors. Among maternal factors, lower maternal age, higher BMI, and being primipara were significant predictors, and among attachment factors mother’s reported perception of the infant as being temperamental, and not recognising early infant cues of hunger were significant predictors for earlier introduction of solid food. Supplementary analyses of interactions between the predictors showed that the association of maternal perceived infant temperament on early introduction was restricted to primiparae, that the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI had no impact if the infant was fully breastfed at week five, and that birth weight was only associated if the mother had reported early uncertainty in recognising infant’s cues of hunger. Breastfeeding was the single most powerful indicator for preventing early introduction to solid food. Modifiable predictors pointed to the importance of supporting breastfeeding and educating primipara and mothers with low birth weight infants to be able to read and respond to their infants’ cues to prevent early introduction to solid food.
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