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We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2407-9-230.

Title:
Dual role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human breast cancer | BMC Cancer
Description:
Background Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. MIF is overexpressed in various tumours and has been suggested as a molecular link between chronic inflammation and cancer. MIF overexpression is observed in breast cancer but its causal role in the development of this tumour entity is unclear. Methods MIF levels in breast cancer cell lines were determined by ELISA and Western blot. CD74 was measured by Western blot, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was studied by BrdU incorporation, cell adhesion by Matrigel adhesion assay, and cell invasion by migration assay through Matrigel-coated filters using the Transwell system. MIF expression in primary human breast cancers was measured by tissue microarray and a semi-quantitative immunoreactivity score (IRS) and comparison with histopathological parameters and patient outcome data. Results MIF was abundantly expressed in the non-invasive breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and ZR-75-1, but not in invasive MDA-MB-231 cells, which in turn expressed higher levels of the MIF-receptor CD74. Stimulation with exogenous MIF led to a dramatic upregulation of MIF secretion (50-fold) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Autocrine MIF promoted tumour cell proliferation, as indicated by blockade of MIF or CD74 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231 invasiveness was enhanced by exogenous MIF. We correlated the expression of MIF with histopathological parameters and patient outcome data, using a tissue microarray of 175 primary invasive breast cancers and 35 normal control tissues. MIF was upregulated in breast cancer versus normal tissue (median IRS = 8 versus 6). MIF expression showed positive correlations with progesterone (p = 0.006) and estrogen (p = 0.028) receptor expression, markers of a favourable prognosis and a negative correlation to tumour size (p = 0.007). In line with these data, disease-specific overall (OS) as well as recurrence-free (RFS) survival was significantly improved in breast cancer patients with abundant cytosolic MIF expression compared to MIF low expressers (5-year OS = 67% versus 50%, p = 0.0019; 5-year RFS = 52% versus 36%, p = 0.0327). Conclusion We conclude that intracellular expression of MIF in breast cancer cells is beneficial, whereas extracellular MIF may play a pro-oncogenic role in promoting breast cancer cell-stroma interactions.
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Keywords {🔍}

mif, breast, cancer, cells, expression, cell, pubmed, tumour, mdamb, article, google, scholar, migration, cas, factor, macrophage, inhibitory, levels, proliferation, secretion, invasive, tissue, rmif, figure, protein, role, survival, mcfa, data, ngml, human, receptor, irs, normal, control, patients, compared, size, study, analysis, bernhagen, lines, invasion, growth, bucala, inflammatory, noninvasive, central, observed, exogenous,

Topics {✒️}

tumour necrosis factor-α dfg grants sfb542/tp-a7 cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p27kip1 sided tarone-ware tests/fisher' anti-mif mab nih/iii fitc-labelled anti-mouse antibody fitc-labelled anti-cd74 ab tumor growth-promoting properties hrp-conjugated secondary ab open access article irrelevant fitc-labelled antibody laser-microdissected matched tumor sirna-induced mif reduction mitogen-activated protein kinase fitc-labelled anti-cd74 invasive mda-mb-231 cells prevents post-chemotherapy relapse pre-publication history epidermal growth factor mda-mb-435s cells article download pdf breast tumour-stroma interactions cd44+/cd24-/low cells semi-quantitative immunoreactivity score invaded calcein-labelled cells polyclonal anti-mif antibody neutralizing anti-mif antibody cd44-/cd24+ tumor cells upper matrigel-coated insert mda-mb-231 exhibited anti-human mif antibody nupage® electrophoresis/western blotting 5-year recurrence-free survival mda-mb-231 cells seeded tumorous mcf-12a cells mif/cd74 complexes originates angiogenesis-related gene expression stromal cell-derived invasive breast cancer tumor cell growth background secretion increased tumour-specific survival promotes fibroblast migration tumour cell lines protein level cd74-cd44 receptor complex relative cd74/actin ratios mif promotes migration rmif-induced mif secretion invasive ductal carcinoma

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WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Dual role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human breast cancer
         description:Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. MIF is overexpressed in various tumours and has been suggested as a molecular link between chronic inflammation and cancer. MIF overexpression is observed in breast cancer but its causal role in the development of this tumour entity is unclear. MIF levels in breast cancer cell lines were determined by ELISA and Western blot. CD74 was measured by Western blot, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was studied by BrdU incorporation, cell adhesion by Matrigel adhesion assay, and cell invasion by migration assay through Matrigel-coated filters using the Transwell system. MIF expression in primary human breast cancers was measured by tissue microarray and a semi-quantitative immunoreactivity score (IRS) and comparison with histopathological parameters and patient outcome data. MIF was abundantly expressed in the non-invasive breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and ZR-75-1, but not in invasive MDA-MB-231 cells, which in turn expressed higher levels of the MIF-receptor CD74. Stimulation with exogenous MIF led to a dramatic upregulation of MIF secretion (50-fold) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Autocrine MIF promoted tumour cell proliferation, as indicated by blockade of MIF or CD74 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231 invasiveness was enhanced by exogenous MIF. We correlated the expression of MIF with histopathological parameters and patient outcome data, using a tissue microarray of 175 primary invasive breast cancers and 35 normal control tissues. MIF was upregulated in breast cancer versus normal tissue (median IRS = 8 versus 6). MIF expression showed positive correlations with progesterone (p = 0.006) and estrogen (p = 0.028) receptor expression, markers of a favourable prognosis and a negative correlation to tumour size (p = 0.007). In line with these data, disease-specific overall (OS) as well as recurrence-free (RFS) survival was significantly improved in breast cancer patients with abundant cytosolic MIF expression compared to MIF low expressers (5-year OS = 67% versus 50%, p = 0.0019; 5-year RFS = 52% versus 36%, p = 0.0327). We conclude that intracellular expression of MIF in breast cancer cells is beneficial, whereas extracellular MIF may play a pro-oncogenic role in promoting breast cancer cell-stroma interactions.
         datePublished:2009-07-14T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2009-07-14T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
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            Breast Cancer Cell
            Migration Inhibitory Factor
            Invasive Breast Cancer Cell
            Migration Inhibitory Factor Expression
            Migration Inhibitory Factor Level
            Cancer Research
            Oncology
            Surgical Oncology
            Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
            Biomedicine
            general
            Medicine/Public Health
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            issn:
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                        name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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                        name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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                        name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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      headline:Dual role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human breast cancer
      description:Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. MIF is overexpressed in various tumours and has been suggested as a molecular link between chronic inflammation and cancer. MIF overexpression is observed in breast cancer but its causal role in the development of this tumour entity is unclear. MIF levels in breast cancer cell lines were determined by ELISA and Western blot. CD74 was measured by Western blot, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was studied by BrdU incorporation, cell adhesion by Matrigel adhesion assay, and cell invasion by migration assay through Matrigel-coated filters using the Transwell system. MIF expression in primary human breast cancers was measured by tissue microarray and a semi-quantitative immunoreactivity score (IRS) and comparison with histopathological parameters and patient outcome data. MIF was abundantly expressed in the non-invasive breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and ZR-75-1, but not in invasive MDA-MB-231 cells, which in turn expressed higher levels of the MIF-receptor CD74. Stimulation with exogenous MIF led to a dramatic upregulation of MIF secretion (50-fold) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Autocrine MIF promoted tumour cell proliferation, as indicated by blockade of MIF or CD74 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231 invasiveness was enhanced by exogenous MIF. We correlated the expression of MIF with histopathological parameters and patient outcome data, using a tissue microarray of 175 primary invasive breast cancers and 35 normal control tissues. MIF was upregulated in breast cancer versus normal tissue (median IRS = 8 versus 6). MIF expression showed positive correlations with progesterone (p = 0.006) and estrogen (p = 0.028) receptor expression, markers of a favourable prognosis and a negative correlation to tumour size (p = 0.007). In line with these data, disease-specific overall (OS) as well as recurrence-free (RFS) survival was significantly improved in breast cancer patients with abundant cytosolic MIF expression compared to MIF low expressers (5-year OS = 67% versus 50%, p = 0.0019; 5-year RFS = 52% versus 36%, p = 0.0327). We conclude that intracellular expression of MIF in breast cancer cells is beneficial, whereas extracellular MIF may play a pro-oncogenic role in promoting breast cancer cell-stroma interactions.
      datePublished:2009-07-14T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2009-07-14T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:1
      pageEnd:18
      license:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-230
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         Breast Cancer Cell
         Migration Inhibitory Factor
         Invasive Breast Cancer Cell
         Migration Inhibitory Factor Expression
         Migration Inhibitory Factor Level
         Cancer Research
         Oncology
         Surgical Oncology
         Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
         Biomedicine
         general
         Medicine/Public Health
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         name:BioMed Central
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            name:Eva Verjans
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                     name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
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            name:Erik Noetzel
            affiliation:
                  name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Nuran Bektas
            affiliation:
                  name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Anke K Schütz
            affiliation:
                  name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Hongqi Lue
            affiliation:
                  name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Birgitt Lennartz
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                  name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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                  address:
                     name:Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Edgar Dahl
            affiliation:
                  name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jürgen Bernhagen
            affiliation:
                  name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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      address:
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      address:
         name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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      name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
      address:
         name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
      address:
         name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
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      address:
         name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Erlangen
      address:
         name:Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
      address:
         name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
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      address:
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            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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      name:Erik Noetzel
      affiliation:
            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Nuran Bektas
      affiliation:
            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Anke K Schütz
      affiliation:
            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Hongqi Lue
      affiliation:
            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Birgitt Lennartz
      affiliation:
            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Arndt Hartmann
      affiliation:
            name:University of Erlangen
            address:
               name:Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Edgar Dahl
      affiliation:
            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Jürgen Bernhagen
      affiliation:
            name:RWTH Aachen University Hospital
            address:
               name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
      name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
      name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
      name:Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
      name:Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
      name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
      name:Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany

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