We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2202-9-90.

Title:
A large population of diverse neurons in the Drosophilacentral nervous system expresses short neuropeptide F, suggesting multiple distributed peptide functions | BMC Neuroscience
Description:
Background Insect neuropeptides are distributed in stereotypic sets of neurons that commonly constitute a small fraction of the total number of neurons. However, some neuropeptide genes are expressed in larger numbers of neurons of diverse types suggesting that they are involved in a greater diversity of functions. One of these widely expressed genes, snpf, encodes the precursor of short neuropeptide F (sNPF). To unravel possible functional diversity we have mapped the distribution of transcript of the snpf gene and its peptide products in the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila in relation to other neuronal markers. Results There are several hundreds of neurons in the larval CNS and several thousands in the adult Drosophila brain expressing snpf transcript and sNPF peptide. Most of these neurons are intrinsic interneurons of the mushroom bodies. Additionally, sNPF is expressed in numerous small interneurons of the CNS, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the antennae, and in a small set of possibly neurosecretory cells innervating the corpora cardiaca and aorta. A sNPF-Gal4 line confirms most of the expression pattern. None of the sNPF immunoreactive neurons co-express a marker for the transcription factor DIMMED, suggesting that the majority are not neurosecretory cells or large interneurons involved in episodic bulk transmission. Instead a portion of the sNPF producing neurons co-express markers for classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate, suggesting that sNPF is a co-transmitter or local neuromodulator in ORNs and many interneurons. Interestingly, sNPF is coexpressed both with presumed excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. A few sNPF expressing neurons in the brain colocalize the peptide corazonin and a pair of dorsal neurons in the first abdominal neuromere coexpresses sNPF and insulin-like peptide 7 (ILP7). Conclusion It is likely that sNPF has multiple functions as neurohormone as well as local neuromodulator/co-transmitter in various CNS circuits, including olfactory circuits both at the level of the first synapse and at the mushroom body output level. Some of the sNPF immunoreactive axons terminate in close proximity to neurosecretory cells producing ILPs and adipokinetic hormone, indicating that sNPF also might regulate hormone production or release.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

Science
Education
Telecommunications

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month

Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.

check SE Ranking
check Ahrefs
check Similarweb
check Ubersuggest
check Semrush

How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

We can't see how the site brings in money.

Websites don't always need to be profitable; some serve as platforms for education or personal expression. Websites can serve multiple purposes. And this might be one of them. Link.springer.com might be earning cash quietly, but we haven't detected the monetization method.

Keywords {🔍}

neurons, snpf, cell, bodies, fig, brain, drosophila, cells, pubmed, google, scholar, expression, cas, body, larval, expressing, mushroom, snpfp, small, antiserum, processes, peptide, markers, peptides, gfp, neuropeptide, neurosecretory, cns, immunolabeling, shown, axons, neuronal, dorsal, adult, ventral, snpfgal, neuropeptides, central, abdominal, figure, colocalization, labeling, protocerebrum, situ, interneurons, ganglion, snpfpir, detected, lobe, subesophageal,

Topics {✒️}

nitroblue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate met-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 recrystallized α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid e2 c929-gal4-driven gfp met-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 coexpressed cha-gal4-driven gfp direct maldi-tof profiling threshold-based surface generation maldi-tof mass spectra stereotyped odor-evoked activity snpfp-ir fibers invading texture-based volume rendering maldi-tof-tof fragmentation tyrosine decarboxylase-driven gfp tyrosine-hydroxylase promoter-gal4 extracellular signal-related kinases central nervous system neuropeptide f-promoter-gal4 varicose snpfp-ir processes mai179-gal4 drives gfp choline acetyltransferase-expressing neurons threshold-based 3d reconstruction tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons snpfp-ir cell bodies impinging snpf-ir terminations snpfp-immunolabled axon terminations drosophila nervous system snpf-gal4 line confirms snpf-ir processes impinging snpf-derived precursor protein snpf-expressing terminations impinge adult nervous system snpf-ir cell bodies c929-gal4-driven gfp dorso-median cell body dig-labeled snpf riboprobes references o'shea cha-gal4-driven gfp gad1 -gal4-driven gfp snpfp-ir axon tracts mosquito host-seeking behavior strongly expressing snpf-gal4 article download pdf flies bearing snpf-gal4 snpf-gal4 driven gfp snpf-gal4-driven gfp santos & christian wegener snpf-ir axons terminate cha-gal4 expressing neurons vesicular glutamate transporter-gal4

Questions {❓}

Functions of sNPF: diverse or not?
How many peptides are produced by the snpfgene?
Or, differently phrased, does a given peptide expressed in a diverse set of neuronal circuits and neuron types (including neurosecretory cells) subserve a global unified function or a multitude of separate distributed functions?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:A large population of diverse neurons in the Drosophilacentral nervous system expresses short neuropeptide F, suggesting multiple distributed peptide functions
         description:Insect neuropeptides are distributed in stereotypic sets of neurons that commonly constitute a small fraction of the total number of neurons. However, some neuropeptide genes are expressed in larger numbers of neurons of diverse types suggesting that they are involved in a greater diversity of functions. One of these widely expressed genes, snpf, encodes the precursor of short neuropeptide F (sNPF). To unravel possible functional diversity we have mapped the distribution of transcript of the snpf gene and its peptide products in the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila in relation to other neuronal markers. There are several hundreds of neurons in the larval CNS and several thousands in the adult Drosophila brain expressing snpf transcript and sNPF peptide. Most of these neurons are intrinsic interneurons of the mushroom bodies. Additionally, sNPF is expressed in numerous small interneurons of the CNS, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the antennae, and in a small set of possibly neurosecretory cells innervating the corpora cardiaca and aorta. A sNPF-Gal4 line confirms most of the expression pattern. None of the sNPF immunoreactive neurons co-express a marker for the transcription factor DIMMED, suggesting that the majority are not neurosecretory cells or large interneurons involved in episodic bulk transmission. Instead a portion of the sNPF producing neurons co-express markers for classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate, suggesting that sNPF is a co-transmitter or local neuromodulator in ORNs and many interneurons. Interestingly, sNPF is coexpressed both with presumed excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. A few sNPF expressing neurons in the brain colocalize the peptide corazonin and a pair of dorsal neurons in the first abdominal neuromere coexpresses sNPF and insulin-like peptide 7 (ILP7). It is likely that sNPF has multiple functions as neurohormone as well as local neuromodulator/co-transmitter in various CNS circuits, including olfactory circuits both at the level of the first synapse and at the mushroom body output level. Some of the sNPF immunoreactive axons terminate in close proximity to neurosecretory cells producing ILPs and adipokinetic hormone, indicating that sNPF also might regulate hormone production or release.
         datePublished:2008-09-19T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2008-09-19T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
         pageEnd:35
         license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-9-90
         keywords:
            Green Fluorescent Protein
            Mushroom Body
            Antennal Lobe
            Optic Lobe
            Ventral Nerve Cord
            Neurosciences
            Neurobiology
            Animal Models
         image:
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig1_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig2_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig3_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig4_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig5_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig6_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig7_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig8_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig9_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig10_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig11_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig12_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig13_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig14_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig15_HTML.jpg
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig16_HTML.jpg
         isPartOf:
            name:BMC Neuroscience
            issn:
               1471-2202
            volumeNumber:9
            type:
               Periodical
               PublicationVolume
         publisher:
            name:BioMed Central
            logo:
               url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
               type:ImageObject
            type:Organization
         author:
               name:Dick R Nässel
               affiliation:
                     name:Stockholm University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               email:[email protected]
               type:Person
               name:Lina E Enell
               affiliation:
                     name:Stockholm University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Jonathan G Santos
               affiliation:
                     name:Philipps-University
                     address:
                        name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Christian Wegener
               affiliation:
                     name:Philipps-University
                     address:
                        name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Helena AD Johard
               affiliation:
                     name:Stockholm University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
         isAccessibleForFree:1
         type:ScholarlyArticle
      context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:A large population of diverse neurons in the Drosophilacentral nervous system expresses short neuropeptide F, suggesting multiple distributed peptide functions
      description:Insect neuropeptides are distributed in stereotypic sets of neurons that commonly constitute a small fraction of the total number of neurons. However, some neuropeptide genes are expressed in larger numbers of neurons of diverse types suggesting that they are involved in a greater diversity of functions. One of these widely expressed genes, snpf, encodes the precursor of short neuropeptide F (sNPF). To unravel possible functional diversity we have mapped the distribution of transcript of the snpf gene and its peptide products in the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila in relation to other neuronal markers. There are several hundreds of neurons in the larval CNS and several thousands in the adult Drosophila brain expressing snpf transcript and sNPF peptide. Most of these neurons are intrinsic interneurons of the mushroom bodies. Additionally, sNPF is expressed in numerous small interneurons of the CNS, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the antennae, and in a small set of possibly neurosecretory cells innervating the corpora cardiaca and aorta. A sNPF-Gal4 line confirms most of the expression pattern. None of the sNPF immunoreactive neurons co-express a marker for the transcription factor DIMMED, suggesting that the majority are not neurosecretory cells or large interneurons involved in episodic bulk transmission. Instead a portion of the sNPF producing neurons co-express markers for classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate, suggesting that sNPF is a co-transmitter or local neuromodulator in ORNs and many interneurons. Interestingly, sNPF is coexpressed both with presumed excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. A few sNPF expressing neurons in the brain colocalize the peptide corazonin and a pair of dorsal neurons in the first abdominal neuromere coexpresses sNPF and insulin-like peptide 7 (ILP7). It is likely that sNPF has multiple functions as neurohormone as well as local neuromodulator/co-transmitter in various CNS circuits, including olfactory circuits both at the level of the first synapse and at the mushroom body output level. Some of the sNPF immunoreactive axons terminate in close proximity to neurosecretory cells producing ILPs and adipokinetic hormone, indicating that sNPF also might regulate hormone production or release.
      datePublished:2008-09-19T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2008-09-19T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:1
      pageEnd:35
      license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-9-90
      keywords:
         Green Fluorescent Protein
         Mushroom Body
         Antennal Lobe
         Optic Lobe
         Ventral Nerve Cord
         Neurosciences
         Neurobiology
         Animal Models
      image:
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig1_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig2_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig3_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig4_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig5_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig6_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig7_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig8_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig9_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig10_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig11_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig12_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig13_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig14_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig15_HTML.jpg
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2202-9-90/MediaObjects/12868_2008_Article_773_Fig16_HTML.jpg
      isPartOf:
         name:BMC Neuroscience
         issn:
            1471-2202
         volumeNumber:9
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:BioMed Central
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Dick R Nässel
            affiliation:
                  name:Stockholm University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            email:[email protected]
            type:Person
            name:Lina E Enell
            affiliation:
                  name:Stockholm University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jonathan G Santos
            affiliation:
                  name:Philipps-University
                  address:
                     name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Christian Wegener
            affiliation:
                  name:Philipps-University
                  address:
                     name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Helena AD Johard
            affiliation:
                  name:Stockholm University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
      isAccessibleForFree:1
["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]:
      name:BMC Neuroscience
      issn:
         1471-2202
      volumeNumber:9
Organization:
      name:BioMed Central
      logo:
         url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
         type:ImageObject
      name:Stockholm University
      address:
         name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Stockholm University
      address:
         name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Philipps-University
      address:
         name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Philipps-University
      address:
         name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Stockholm University
      address:
         name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
         type:PostalAddress
ImageObject:
      url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
Person:
      name:Dick R Nässel
      affiliation:
            name:Stockholm University
            address:
               name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
      name:Lina E Enell
      affiliation:
            name:Stockholm University
            address:
               name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Jonathan G Santos
      affiliation:
            name:Philipps-University
            address:
               name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Christian Wegener
      affiliation:
            name:Philipps-University
            address:
               name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Helena AD Johard
      affiliation:
            name:Stockholm University
            address:
               name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
      name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
      name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
      name:Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
      name:Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

External Links {🔗}(227)

Analytics and Tracking {📊}

Google Tag Manager

Libraries {📚}

Clipboard.js
Prism.js
Video.js

CDN Services {📦}

Crossref
Net/play">

LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}