We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-213x-7-80.

Title:
Extra-embryonic endoderm cells derived from ES cells induced by GATA Factors acquire the character of XEN cells | BMC Developmental Biology
Description:
Background Three types of cell lines have been established from mouse blastocysts: embryonic stem (ES) cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells, and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) cells, which have the potential to differentiate into their respective cognate lineages. ES cells can differentiate in vitro not only into somatic cell lineages but into extra-embryonic lineages, including trophectoderm and extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) as well. TS cells can be established from ES cells by the artificial repression of Oct3/4 or the upregulation of Cdx2 in the presence of FGF4 on feeder cells. The relationship between these embryo-derived XEN cells and ES cell-derived ExEn cell lines remains unclear, although we have previously reported that overexpression of Gata4 or Gata6 induces differentiation of mouse ES cells into extra-embryonic endoderm in vitro. Results A system in which GATA factors were conditionally activated revealed that the cells continue to proliferate while expressing a set of extra-embryonic endoderm markers, and, following injection into blastocysts, contribute only to the extra-embryonic endoderm lineage in vivo. Although the in vivo contribution is limited to cells of parietal endoderm lineage, Gata-induced extra-embryonic endoderm cells (gExEn) can be induced to differentiate into visceral endoderm-like cells in vitro by repression of Gata6. During early passage, the propagation of gExEn cells is dependent on the expression of the Gata6 transgene. These cells, however, lose this dependency following establishment of endogenous Gata6 expression. Conclusion We show here that Gata-induced extra-embryonic endoderm cells derived from ES cells mimic the character of XEN cells. These findings indicate that Gata transcription factors are sufficient for the derivation and propagation of XEN-like extra-embryonic endoderm cells from ES cells.
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Keywords {🔍}

cells, gata, gexen, expression, xen, exen, cell, pubmed, factors, article, google, scholar, fig, cas, endoderm, dex, differentiation, ggr, activation, mouse, mef, induced, endogenous, activity, marker, derived, lines, embryonic, gene, propagation, extraembryonic, culture, withdrawal, relative, data, development, exogenous, transcription, genes, levels, blastocysts, stem, vitro, embryos, dev, lineage, vivo, parietal, early, similar,

Topics {✒️}

open access article wild-type c57bl6/6j blastocysts leukemia inhibitory factor gata6-null embryonic stem ebrtc-g6-derived exen cells extra-embryonic yolk sac article download pdf pcag-egfp-ip vector transfected extra-embryonic endoderm cells extra-embryonic endoderm lineage extra-embryonic endoderm markers pfgf3-luc/pfgf3-tk-luc specific hairpin-forming inserts retinoic acid/camp induction parathyroid hormone-related peptide pluripotent stem cells positive auto-regulatory loop resulting double-stranded fragments embryonic stem cells cbp/p300-interacting transactivator mouse embryonic fibroblast sox17-null mutant mice gelatin-coated dextran beads developmental biology gfp-tagged g6gr showed retinoic acid-regulated expression generating pcag-g6gr-ip extra-embryonic endoderm mef-derived soluble factor lineage-specific transcription factors embryo-derived xen cells post-implantation mouse embryos specific pou domain tissue-specific transcription factors endoderm-specific gene expression full-length mouse gata4 stem cell markers g6exen-gfp cells derived extra-embryonic lineages es-derived exen cells dual-luciferase assay kit pfgf3-tk-luc reporter late-passage gexen cells human glucocorticoid receptor extra-embryonic lineage cell lines derived gata-dependent enhancer activity gata-gr fusion protein pluripotent cell studies gst-gata6 fusion protein

Questions {❓}

Niwa H: How is pluripotency determined and maintained?
What is the molecular basis of the requirement of MEF for XEN cells?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
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         description:Three types of cell lines have been established from mouse blastocysts: embryonic stem (ES) cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells, and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) cells, which have the potential to differentiate into their respective cognate lineages. ES cells can differentiate in vitro not only into somatic cell lineages but into extra-embryonic lineages, including trophectoderm and extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) as well. TS cells can be established from ES cells by the artificial repression of Oct3/4 or the upregulation of Cdx2 in the presence of FGF4 on feeder cells. The relationship between these embryo-derived XEN cells and ES cell-derived ExEn cell lines remains unclear, although we have previously reported that overexpression of Gata4 or Gata6 induces differentiation of mouse ES cells into extra-embryonic endoderm in vitro. A system in which GATA factors were conditionally activated revealed that the cells continue to proliferate while expressing a set of extra-embryonic endoderm markers, and, following injection into blastocysts, contribute only to the extra-embryonic endoderm lineage in vivo. Although the in vivo contribution is limited to cells of parietal endoderm lineage, Gata-induced extra-embryonic endoderm cells (gExEn) can be induced to differentiate into visceral endoderm-like cells in vitro by repression of Gata6. During early passage, the propagation of gExEn cells is dependent on the expression of the Gata6 transgene. These cells, however, lose this dependency following establishment of endogenous Gata6 expression. We show here that Gata-induced extra-embryonic endoderm cells derived from ES cells mimic the character of XEN cells. These findings indicate that Gata transcription factors are sufficient for the derivation and propagation of XEN-like extra-embryonic endoderm cells from ES cells.
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