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We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2091-12-5.

Title:
The evolution of farnesoid X, vitamin D, and pregnane X receptors: insights from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis) and other non-mammalian species | BMC Biochemistry
Description:
Background The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are three closely related nuclear hormone receptors in the NR1H and 1I subfamilies that share the property of being activated by bile salts. Bile salts vary significantly in structure across vertebrate species, suggesting that receptors binding these molecules may show adaptive evolutionary changes in response. We have previously shown that FXRs from the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) are activated by planar bile alcohols found in these two species. In this report, we characterize FXR, PXR, and VDR from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis), an actinopterygian fish that unlike the zebrafish has a bile salt profile similar to humans. We utilize homology modelling, docking, and pharmacophore studies to understand the structural features of the Tetraodon receptors. Results Tetraodon FXR has a ligand selectivity profile very similar to human FXR, with strong activation by the synthetic ligand GW4064 and by the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid. Homology modelling and docking studies suggest a ligand-binding pocket architecture more similar to human and rat FXRs than to lamprey or zebrafish FXRs. Tetraodon PXR was activated by a variety of bile acids and steroids, although not by the larger synthetic ligands that activate human PXR such as rifampicin. Homology modelling predicts a larger ligand-binding cavity than zebrafish PXR. We also demonstrate that VDRs from the pufferfish and Japanese medaka were activated by small secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid, whereas the African clawed frog VDR was not. Conclusions Our studies provide further evidence of the relationship between both FXR, PXR, and VDR ligand selectivity and cross-species variation in bile salt profiles. Zebrafish and green-spotted pufferfish provide a clear contrast in having markedly different primary bile salt profiles (planar bile alcohols for zebrafish and sterically bent bile acids for the pufferfish) and receptor selectivity that matches these differences in endogenous ligands. Our observations to date present an integrated picture of the co-evolution of bile salt structure and changes in the binding pockets of three nuclear hormone receptors across the species studied.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

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  • Science
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🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month


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Keywords {🔍}

bile, pubmed, acid, acids, article, google, scholar, receptor, cas, pxr, tetraodon, fxr, vdr, salts, human, zebrafish, activation, figure, tnfxr, nuclear, ligand, activated, salt, tnpxr, lca, species, file, receptors, studies, vdrs, hvdr, fish, cdca, pharmacophore, central, usa, binding, alcohols, additional, domain, structure, fxrs, docking, ligands, including, vitamin, krasowski, homology, primary, medaka,

Topics {✒️}

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Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
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         headline:The evolution of farnesoid X, vitamin D, and pregnane X receptors: insights from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis) and other non-mammalian species
         description:The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are three closely related nuclear hormone receptors in the NR1H and 1I subfamilies that share the property of being activated by bile salts. Bile salts vary significantly in structure across vertebrate species, suggesting that receptors binding these molecules may show adaptive evolutionary changes in response. We have previously shown that FXRs from the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) are activated by planar bile alcohols found in these two species. In this report, we characterize FXR, PXR, and VDR from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis), an actinopterygian fish that unlike the zebrafish has a bile salt profile similar to humans. We utilize homology modelling, docking, and pharmacophore studies to understand the structural features of the Tetraodon receptors. Tetraodon FXR has a ligand selectivity profile very similar to human FXR, with strong activation by the synthetic ligand GW4064 and by the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid. Homology modelling and docking studies suggest a ligand-binding pocket architecture more similar to human and rat FXRs than to lamprey or zebrafish FXRs. Tetraodon PXR was activated by a variety of bile acids and steroids, although not by the larger synthetic ligands that activate human PXR such as rifampicin. Homology modelling predicts a larger ligand-binding cavity than zebrafish PXR. We also demonstrate that VDRs from the pufferfish and Japanese medaka were activated by small secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid, whereas the African clawed frog VDR was not. Our studies provide further evidence of the relationship between both FXR, PXR, and VDR ligand selectivity and cross-species variation in bile salt profiles. Zebrafish and green-spotted pufferfish provide a clear contrast in having markedly different primary bile salt profiles (planar bile alcohols for zebrafish and sterically bent bile acids for the pufferfish) and receptor selectivity that matches these differences in endogenous ligands. Our observations to date present an integrated picture of the co-evolution of bile salt structure and changes in the binding pockets of three nuclear hormone receptors across the species studied.
         datePublished:2011-02-03T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2011-02-03T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
         pageEnd:19
         license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-12-5
         keywords:
            Bile Acid
            Bile Salt
            Pharmacophore Model
            Hyperforin
            Secondary Bile Acid
            Biochemistry
            general
            Life Sciences
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                     address:
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                        name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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                     address:
                        name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Sean Ekins
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey
                     address:
                        name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
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                        name:Collaborations in Chemistry, Jenkintown, USA
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      headline:The evolution of farnesoid X, vitamin D, and pregnane X receptors: insights from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis) and other non-mammalian species
      description:The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are three closely related nuclear hormone receptors in the NR1H and 1I subfamilies that share the property of being activated by bile salts. Bile salts vary significantly in structure across vertebrate species, suggesting that receptors binding these molecules may show adaptive evolutionary changes in response. We have previously shown that FXRs from the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) are activated by planar bile alcohols found in these two species. In this report, we characterize FXR, PXR, and VDR from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis), an actinopterygian fish that unlike the zebrafish has a bile salt profile similar to humans. We utilize homology modelling, docking, and pharmacophore studies to understand the structural features of the Tetraodon receptors. Tetraodon FXR has a ligand selectivity profile very similar to human FXR, with strong activation by the synthetic ligand GW4064 and by the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid. Homology modelling and docking studies suggest a ligand-binding pocket architecture more similar to human and rat FXRs than to lamprey or zebrafish FXRs. Tetraodon PXR was activated by a variety of bile acids and steroids, although not by the larger synthetic ligands that activate human PXR such as rifampicin. Homology modelling predicts a larger ligand-binding cavity than zebrafish PXR. We also demonstrate that VDRs from the pufferfish and Japanese medaka were activated by small secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid, whereas the African clawed frog VDR was not. Our studies provide further evidence of the relationship between both FXR, PXR, and VDR ligand selectivity and cross-species variation in bile salt profiles. Zebrafish and green-spotted pufferfish provide a clear contrast in having markedly different primary bile salt profiles (planar bile alcohols for zebrafish and sterically bent bile acids for the pufferfish) and receptor selectivity that matches these differences in endogenous ligands. Our observations to date present an integrated picture of the co-evolution of bile salt structure and changes in the binding pockets of three nuclear hormone receptors across the species studied.
      datePublished:2011-02-03T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2011-02-03T00:00:00Z
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      pageEnd:19
      license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-12-5
      keywords:
         Bile Acid
         Bile Salt
         Pharmacophore Model
         Hyperforin
         Secondary Bile Acid
         Biochemistry
         general
         Life Sciences
      image:
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2091-12-5/MediaObjects/12858_2010_Article_314_Fig1_HTML.jpg
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      publisher:
         name:BioMed Central
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            type:ImageObject
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      author:
            name:Matthew D Krasowski
            affiliation:
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                  address:
                     name:Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pittsburgh
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            email:[email protected]
            type:Person
            name:Ni Ai
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Lee R Hagey
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                  name:University of California - San Diego
                  address:
                     name:Department of Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Erin M Kollitz
            affiliation:
                  name:North Carolina State University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Seth W Kullman
            affiliation:
                  name:North Carolina State University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
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            type:Person
            name:Erica J Reschly
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pittsburgh
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Sean Ekins
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Collaborations in Chemistry
                  address:
                     name:Collaborations in Chemistry, Jenkintown, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
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                  name:University of Maryland
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                     name:Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
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      name:University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
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      address:
         name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
         type:PostalAddress
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      address:
         name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
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      address:
         name:Department of Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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         name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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      address:
         name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
         type:PostalAddress
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         name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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         name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
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      address:
         name:Collaborations in Chemistry, Jenkintown, USA
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      name:Matthew D Krasowski
      affiliation:
            name:University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
            address:
               name:Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:University of Pittsburgh
            address:
               name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
      name:Ni Ai
      affiliation:
            name:University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey
            address:
               name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Lee R Hagey
      affiliation:
            name:University of California - San Diego
            address:
               name:Department of Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Erin M Kollitz
      affiliation:
            name:North Carolina State University
            address:
               name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Seth W Kullman
      affiliation:
            name:North Carolina State University
            address:
               name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Erica J Reschly
      affiliation:
            name:University of Pittsburgh
            address:
               name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Sean Ekins
      affiliation:
            name:University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey
            address:
               name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Collaborations in Chemistry
            address:
               name:Collaborations in Chemistry, Jenkintown, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:University of Maryland
            address:
               name:Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA
      name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
      name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
      name:Department of Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, USA
      name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
      name:Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
      name:Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
      name:Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
      name:Collaborations in Chemistry, Jenkintown, USA
      name:Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA

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