We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41061-017-0106-y.

Title:
Applications of Phosphate Modification and Labeling to Study (m)RNA Caps | Topics in Current Chemistry
Description:
The cap is a natural modification present at the 5′ ends of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), which because of its unique structural features, mediates essential biological functions during the process of gene expression. The core structural feature of the mRNA cap is an N7-methylguanosine moiety linked by a 5′–5′ triphosphate chain to the first transcribed nucleotide. Interestingly, other RNA 5′ end modifications structurally and functionally resembling the m7G cap have been discovered in different RNA types and in different organisms. All these structures contain the ‘inverted’ 5′–5′ oligophosphate bridge, which is necessary for interaction with specific proteins and also serves as a cleavage site for phosphohydrolases regulating RNA turnover. Therefore, cap analogs containing oligophosphate chain modifications or carrying spectroscopic labels attached to phosphate moieties serve as attractive molecular tools for studies on RNA metabolism and modification of natural RNA properties. Here, we review chemical, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic approaches that enable preparation of modified cap structures and RNAs carrying such structures, with emphasis on phosphate-modified mRNA cap analogs and their potential applications.
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Keywords {🔍}

cap, rna, google, scholar, article, cas, mrna, analogs, synthesis, fig, rnas, capped, decapping, structures, chem, jemielity, phosphate, darzynkiewicz, triphosphate, modification, capping, kowalska, modifications, chemical, enzymes, activity, biological, end, proteins, modified, degradation, dcps, bridge, mrnas, enzyme, transcription, small, complex, moiety, studies, properties, enzymatic, translation, structure, analog, caps, position, cell, structural, vitro,

Topics {✒️}

2′-ara-fluoroguanosine-substituted cap analog copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition gamma-monomethyl-gtp cap structure g-cap-mediated nuclear import cap-ii rna nucleoside-2′-o-methyltransferases gamma-methyl-capped guanosine 5′-triphosphate β-s-arca analog s-adenosyl-l-methionine mcl2-mediated coupling reactions enzymatically generated m7gpppg-rna energy-independent nuclear import anti-reverse cap analogs �anti-reverse” cap analogs standard oligonucleotide de-immobilization high-performance liquid chromatography dna-dependent rna polymerase article download pdf post-transcriptional rna modification semi-preparative reversed-phase �anti-reverse’ type modifications cap-based molecular probes studying cap-related processes post-transcriptional enzymatic capping studying rna-related processes phosphate-modified cap analogs γ-o-methyl cap found α-phosphate-labeled version γ–δ imidodiphosphate moiety n-7-alkylated cap derivatives cation-π stacking n7-methylguanosine moiety linked importin-beta binding domain inhibit cap-dependent proteins differently 32p-labeled rnas g-cap attachment necessitates α-modified nucleoside diphosphates bioorthogonal site-specific labeling fluorescent bodipy-gtp analogs targeted cap-binding protein methylene-bisphosphonate arcas differing u-snrnp protein-binding acetylpyrene-labelled 7-methylguanine nucleotides promoting cap-dependent translation require time-consuming chromatographic step ping-pong reaction ion-catalyzed pyrophosphate formation α-β modified analogs mcl2-mediated coupling late polyoma-virus rna γ-methyl phosphate cap

Schema {🗺️}

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         description: The cap is a natural modification present at the 5′ ends of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), which because of its unique structural features, mediates essential biological functions during the process of gene expression. The core structural feature of the mRNA cap is an N7-methylguanosine moiety linked by a 5′–5′ triphosphate chain to the first transcribed nucleotide. Interestingly, other RNA 5′ end modifications structurally and functionally resembling the m7G cap have been discovered in different RNA types and in different organisms. All these structures contain the ‘inverted’ 5′–5′ oligophosphate bridge, which is necessary for interaction with specific proteins and also serves as a cleavage site for phosphohydrolases regulating RNA turnover. Therefore, cap analogs containing oligophosphate chain modifications or carrying spectroscopic labels attached to phosphate moieties serve as attractive molecular tools for studies on RNA metabolism and modification of natural RNA properties. Here, we review chemical, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic approaches that enable preparation of modified cap structures and RNAs carrying such structures, with emphasis on phosphate-modified mRNA cap analogs and their potential applications.
         datePublished:2017-01-23T00:00:00Z
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            Physics
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      headline:Applications of Phosphate Modification and Labeling to Study (m)RNA Caps
      description: The cap is a natural modification present at the 5′ ends of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), which because of its unique structural features, mediates essential biological functions during the process of gene expression. The core structural feature of the mRNA cap is an N7-methylguanosine moiety linked by a 5′–5′ triphosphate chain to the first transcribed nucleotide. Interestingly, other RNA 5′ end modifications structurally and functionally resembling the m7G cap have been discovered in different RNA types and in different organisms. All these structures contain the ‘inverted’ 5′–5′ oligophosphate bridge, which is necessary for interaction with specific proteins and also serves as a cleavage site for phosphohydrolases regulating RNA turnover. Therefore, cap analogs containing oligophosphate chain modifications or carrying spectroscopic labels attached to phosphate moieties serve as attractive molecular tools for studies on RNA metabolism and modification of natural RNA properties. Here, we review chemical, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic approaches that enable preparation of modified cap structures and RNAs carrying such structures, with emphasis on phosphate-modified mRNA cap analogs and their potential applications.
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         RNA labeling
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         Molecular probe
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         7-methylguanosine
         Chemistry/Food Science
         general
         Life Sciences
         Physics
         Materials Science
         Molecular Medicine
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               type:PostalAddress
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      affiliation:
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            address:
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            address:
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      name:Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
      name:Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
      name:Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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