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LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}

  1. Analyzed Page
  2. Matching Content Categories
  3. CMS
  4. Monthly Traffic Estimate
  5. How Does Link.springer.com Make Money
  6. Keywords
  7. Topics
  8. Schema
  9. External Links
  10. Analytics And Tracking
  11. Libraries
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We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13365-015-0397-0.

Title:
Microglia-derived HIV Nef+ exosome impairment of the blood–brain barrier is treatable by nanomedicine-based delivery of Nef peptides | Journal of NeuroVirology
Description:
The negative factor (Nef) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an accessory protein that is thought to be integral to HIV-associated immune- and neuroimmune pathogenesis. Here, we show that nef-transfected microglia-released Nef+ exosome (exNef) disrupts the apical blood–brain barrier (BBB) and that only nef-transfected microglia release Nef in exosomes. nef–gfp-transduced neurons and astrocytes release exosomes but did not release exNef in the extracellular space. Apical administration of exNef derived from nef-transfected 293T cells reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased permeability of the BBB. Microglia-derived exNef applied to either the apical/basal BBB significantly reduced expression of the tight junction protein, ZO-1, suggesting a mechanism of exNef-mediated neuropathogenesis. Microglia exposed to exNef release elevated levels of Toll-like receptor-induced cytokines and chemokines IL-12, IL-8, IL-6, RANTES, and IL-17A. Magnetic nanoparticle delivery of Nef peptides containing the Nef myrisolation site across an in vitro BBB ultimately reduced nef-transfected microglia release of Nef exosomes and prevented the loss of BBB integrity and permeability as measured by TEER and dextran-FITC transport studies, respectively. Overall, we show that exNef is released from nef–gfp-transfected microglia; exNef disrupts integrity and permeability, and tight junctions of the BBB, and induces microglial cytokine/chemokine secretion. These exNef-mediated effects were significantly restricted by Nef peptides. Taken together, this study provides preliminary evidence of the role of exNef in HIV neuroimmune pathogenesis and the feasibility of a nanomedicine-based therapeutics targeting exNef to treat HIV-associated neuropathogenesis.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

  • Education
  • Science
  • Business & Finance

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month


Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 7,642,828 visitors per month in the current month.

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How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

We don't see any clear sign of profit-making.

Not all websites focus on profit; some are designed to educate, connect people, or share useful tools. People create websites for numerous reasons. And this could be one such example. Link.springer.com might be plotting its profit, but the way they're doing it isn't detectable yet.

Keywords {🔍}

pubmed, article, google, scholar, nef, cas, hiv, cells, central, human, exosomes, protein, exnef, raymond, immunodeficiency, virus, release, biol, bloodbrain, barrier, bbb, cell, type, delivery, induces, privacy, cookies, content, journal, exosome, nair, microglia, van, publish, research, search, microgliaderived, peptides, neftransfected, tight, access, factors, plos, percario, affabris, engineering, college, florida, international, university,

Topics {✒️}

nef-gfp-transfected chme-5 cells month download article/chapter apical blood–brain barrier blood-brain barrier disruption nef–gfp-transfected microglia human immunodeficiency virus microglia-derived exnef applied blood–brain barrier dextran-fitc transport studies grant awards 3r01da027049-04s1 nef–gfp-transduced neurons primary human monocyte/macrophages full article pdf hiv-1 nef induces soluble nef antigen ap-1 transcription factors microglial cells hiv-1 protein nef hiv-1 nef protein nef-dependent induction privacy choices/manage cookies magnetic nanoparticle delivery blood transfusion donor campbell-sims tc hiv-1-infected cells human monocyte/macrophages hiv-1 nef employs unprimed human cd4+ astrocytes release exosomes nef endocytotic signals nef activates stat3 nef domains interacting nanomedicine-based delivery hiv-infected individuals related subjects pi3k/akt pathway endosomal-exosomal pathway deliver small rna vitro cytocidal effects receptor-induced cytokines nef increases infectivity cell endocytotic machinery nef peptides published article journal tight junction protein nef myrisolation site greenway al european economic area scope submit manuscript vesicle

Schema {🗺️}

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         headline:Microglia-derived HIV Nef+ exosome impairment of the blood–brain barrier is treatable by nanomedicine-based delivery of Nef peptides
         description:The negative factor (Nef) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an accessory protein that is thought to be integral to HIV-associated immune- and neuroimmune pathogenesis. Here, we show that nef-transfected microglia-released Nef+ exosome (exNef) disrupts the apical blood–brain barrier (BBB) and that only nef-transfected microglia release Nef in exosomes. nef–gfp-transduced neurons and astrocytes release exosomes but did not release exNef in the extracellular space. Apical administration of exNef derived from nef-transfected 293T cells reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased permeability of the BBB. Microglia-derived exNef applied to either the apical/basal BBB significantly reduced expression of the tight junction protein, ZO-1, suggesting a mechanism of exNef-mediated neuropathogenesis. Microglia exposed to exNef release elevated levels of Toll-like receptor-induced cytokines and chemokines IL-12, IL-8, IL-6, RANTES, and IL-17A. Magnetic nanoparticle delivery of Nef peptides containing the Nef myrisolation site across an in vitro BBB ultimately reduced nef-transfected microglia release of Nef exosomes and prevented the loss of BBB integrity and permeability as measured by TEER and dextran-FITC transport studies, respectively. Overall, we show that exNef is released from nef–gfp-transfected microglia; exNef disrupts integrity and permeability, and tight junctions of the BBB, and induces microglial cytokine/chemokine secretion. These exNef-mediated effects were significantly restricted by Nef peptides. Taken together, this study provides preliminary evidence of the role of exNef in HIV neuroimmune pathogenesis and the feasibility of a nanomedicine-based therapeutics targeting exNef to treat HIV-associated neuropathogenesis.
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      headline:Microglia-derived HIV Nef+ exosome impairment of the blood–brain barrier is treatable by nanomedicine-based delivery of Nef peptides
      description:The negative factor (Nef) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an accessory protein that is thought to be integral to HIV-associated immune- and neuroimmune pathogenesis. Here, we show that nef-transfected microglia-released Nef+ exosome (exNef) disrupts the apical blood–brain barrier (BBB) and that only nef-transfected microglia release Nef in exosomes. nef–gfp-transduced neurons and astrocytes release exosomes but did not release exNef in the extracellular space. Apical administration of exNef derived from nef-transfected 293T cells reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased permeability of the BBB. Microglia-derived exNef applied to either the apical/basal BBB significantly reduced expression of the tight junction protein, ZO-1, suggesting a mechanism of exNef-mediated neuropathogenesis. Microglia exposed to exNef release elevated levels of Toll-like receptor-induced cytokines and chemokines IL-12, IL-8, IL-6, RANTES, and IL-17A. Magnetic nanoparticle delivery of Nef peptides containing the Nef myrisolation site across an in vitro BBB ultimately reduced nef-transfected microglia release of Nef exosomes and prevented the loss of BBB integrity and permeability as measured by TEER and dextran-FITC transport studies, respectively. Overall, we show that exNef is released from nef–gfp-transfected microglia; exNef disrupts integrity and permeability, and tight junctions of the BBB, and induces microglial cytokine/chemokine secretion. These exNef-mediated effects were significantly restricted by Nef peptides. Taken together, this study provides preliminary evidence of the role of exNef in HIV neuroimmune pathogenesis and the feasibility of a nanomedicine-based therapeutics targeting exNef to treat HIV-associated neuropathogenesis.
      datePublished:2015-12-02T00:00:00Z
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         Nanoparticle therapeutics
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         Neurology
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      name:R. Nikkhah-Moshaie
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            name:Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University
            address:
               name:Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:U. Roy
      affiliation:
            name:Florida International University
            address:
               name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:S. Pilakka-Kanthikeel
      affiliation:
            name:Florida International University
            address:
               name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
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      name:M. P. Nair
      affiliation:
            name:Florida International University
            address:
               name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Florida International University
            address:
               name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
      name:Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
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