We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12020-012-9750-8.

Title:
Role of mineralocorticoid receptors on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis in humans | Endocrine
Description:
This clinical review will summarize the available data regarding the role of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis control in physiological and pathological conditions and in the memory processes involved in the control and appraisal of a stress event. MRs are predominantly expressed in the limbic structures, with the hippocampus being the main localization, although MRs are also found at the hypothalamic level. It is known that hyppocampal MRs control the proactive feedback involved in the maintenance of the basal HPA activity, mainly at the nadir of the circadian rhythm. In physiological conditions, the administration of pharmacological doses of both MR antagonists and agonists is able to interact with the HPA activity, modifying the quiescent phase-nadir of the circadian rhythm, although some data in the literature do not support these observations. Also, in a physiological condition such as aging, an enhanced HPA axis activity is found in the time window, when MRs are predominantly occupied by cortisol circulating levels, possibly reflecting an MR impairment in this period of life. In pathology, major depression has been correlated to MR qualitative-quantitative alterations which could reflect differences on psychological and physiological responses, possibly predicting psychopathologies. Most of the remarks reported in this review seem to indicate, in agreement with animal data, a role played by MRs in the delicate control of the HPA axis in humans and the possible predisposition to the development of pathologies in case of their alterations.
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Keywords {🔍}

article, google, scholar, pubmed, cas, receptor, mineralocorticoid, receptors, axis, endocrinol, stress, glucocorticoid, humans, depression, activity, cortisol, hpa, kloet, rev, mol, human, psychoneuroendocrinology, function, role, clin, metab, brain, rat, effects, hypothalamuspituitaryadrenal, arvat, major, blockade, eur, activation, otte, sci, cell, treatment, data, giordano, ghigo, mrs, hippocampus, levels, oitzl, holsboer, neurosci, wiedemann, kellner,

Topics {✒️}

stimulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system increases hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical stress axis hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation month download article/chapter hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal system hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal hyperactivity hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical system hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis nocturnal hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary corticotropin-releasing hormone hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system hypotalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis inhibits pituitary-adrenal activity article google scholar undisturbed night-time sleep exercise-induced cortisol levels nuclear hormone receptors hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal pituitary-adrenal axis mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical mr qualitative-quantitative alterations nuclear receptor-coactivator interactions stimulated adrenal function glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription article endocrine aims proactive feedback involved privacy choices/manage cookies pituitary-adrenal activity full article pdf differential mr/gr activation bennett research award related subjects functional genetic screen faf-1 modulate mineralocorticoid central corticosteroid receptors central mineralocorticosteroid receptors gene expression profiles mineralocorticoid receptor activation n-terminal domain dna binding mineralococrticoid receptor mrna mineralocorticoid receptor leads glucocorticoid receptor blockade hippocampal mrna expression mineralocorticoid receptor blockade

Questions {❓}

Almeida, DAXX, FLASH, and FAF-1 modulate mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription in hippocampal cells—toward a basis for the opposite actions elicited by two nuclear receptors?
Holsboer, Do antidepressants stabilize mood through actions on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system?
Krugers, Learning under stress: how does it work?
Munck, How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses?

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         description:This clinical review will summarize the available data regarding the role of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis control in physiological and pathological conditions and in the memory processes involved in the control and appraisal of a stress event. MRs are predominantly expressed in the limbic structures, with the hippocampus being the main localization, although MRs are also found at the hypothalamic level. It is known that hyppocampal MRs control the proactive feedback involved in the maintenance of the basal HPA activity, mainly at the nadir of the circadian rhythm. In physiological conditions, the administration of pharmacological doses of both MR antagonists and agonists is able to interact with the HPA activity, modifying the quiescent phase-nadir of the circadian rhythm, although some data in the literature do not support these observations. Also, in a physiological condition such as aging, an enhanced HPA axis activity is found in the time window, when MRs are predominantly occupied by cortisol circulating levels, possibly reflecting an MR impairment in this period of life. In pathology, major depression has been correlated to MR qualitative-quantitative alterations which could reflect differences on psychological and physiological responses, possibly predicting psychopathologies. Most of the remarks reported in this review seem to indicate, in agreement with animal data, a role played by MRs in the delicate control of the HPA axis in humans and the possible predisposition to the development of pathologies in case of their alterations.
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      description:This clinical review will summarize the available data regarding the role of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis control in physiological and pathological conditions and in the memory processes involved in the control and appraisal of a stress event. MRs are predominantly expressed in the limbic structures, with the hippocampus being the main localization, although MRs are also found at the hypothalamic level. It is known that hyppocampal MRs control the proactive feedback involved in the maintenance of the basal HPA activity, mainly at the nadir of the circadian rhythm. In physiological conditions, the administration of pharmacological doses of both MR antagonists and agonists is able to interact with the HPA activity, modifying the quiescent phase-nadir of the circadian rhythm, although some data in the literature do not support these observations. Also, in a physiological condition such as aging, an enhanced HPA axis activity is found in the time window, when MRs are predominantly occupied by cortisol circulating levels, possibly reflecting an MR impairment in this period of life. In pathology, major depression has been correlated to MR qualitative-quantitative alterations which could reflect differences on psychological and physiological responses, possibly predicting psychopathologies. Most of the remarks reported in this review seem to indicate, in agreement with animal data, a role played by MRs in the delicate control of the HPA axis in humans and the possible predisposition to the development of pathologies in case of their alterations.
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