We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11882-018-0817-3.

Title:
Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): the Derivatives and Triggers of Inflammation | Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
Description:
Purpose of Review Allergen is an umbrella term for irritants of diverse origin. Along with other offenders such as pathogens, mutagens, xenobiotics, and pollutants, allergens can be grouped as inflammatory agents. Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are altered metabolism products of necrotic or stressed cells, which are deemed as alarm signals by the innate immune system. Like inflammation, DAMPs play a role in correcting the altered physiological state, but in excess, they can be lethal due to their signal transduction roles. In a vicious loop, inflammatory agents are DAMP generators and DAMPs create a pro-inflammatory state. Only a handful of DAMPs such as uric acid, mtDNA, extracellular ATP, HSPs, amyloid β, S100, HMGB1, and ECM proteins have been studied till now. A large number of DAMPs are still obscure, in need to be unveiled. The identification and functional characterization of those DAMPs in inflammation pathways can be insightful. Recent Findings As inflammation and immune activation have been implicated in almost all pathologies, studies on them have been intensified in recent times. Consequently, the pathologic mechanisms of various DAMPs have emerged. Following PRR ligation, the activation of inflammasome, MAPK, and NF-kB is some of the common pathways. Summary The limited number of recognized DAMPs are only a fraction of the vast array of other DAMPs. In fact, any misplaced or abnormal level of metabolite can be a DAMP. Sophisticated analysis studies can reveal the full profile of the DAMPs. Lowering the level of DAMPs is useful therapeutic intervention but certainly not as effective as avoiding the DAMP generators, i.e., the inflammatory agents. So, rather than mitigating DAMPs, efforts should be focused on the elimination of inflammatory agents.
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artid=2975603&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract artid=3324961&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract artid=3181078&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract month download article/chapter article google scholar ige-mediated allergic asthma house dust mite endoplasmic reticulum stress airway epithelial barrier acid-sensing ion channels nucleus-independent apoptotic signaling cell-penetrating peptide derived fiercely-conserved evolutionary signatures nlrp3–asc–caspase-1 pathway el-seedi hr set-domain protein superfamily stressor-driven extracellular acidosis article current allergy f-actin-tropomyosin complex el-beshbishi sn recombinant chitin-binding domain full article pdf drug-induced allergy secretase-dependent pathway tumor-derived proteins land wg neutrophil extracellular traps privacy choices/manage cookies cholesterol-dependent manner article patel ruiz-pacheco ja innate immune system altered metabolism products cockroach allergy research chang d-tm il-1 alpha expression host-microbial interactions curr mol med li w free fatty acid crit care med acidic extracellular microenvironment curr pharm des pro-inflammatory state insoluble complex polysaccharides animal subjects performed seasonal allergic rhinitis promotes dna repair altered physiological state innate immune response

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Are there reasons why adult asthma is more common in females?
Oleoresin urushiol: can its immunogenicity be exploited for healthcare?
Opportunistic infections--coming to the limits of immunosuppression?
Papandreou MA, Efthimiopoulos S, Cordo-Patis P, Klimis-Zacas D, Margarity M, La-Mari FN, Inhibitory activity on amyloid-?

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