We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11745-004-1335-y.

Title:
Functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in skin homeostasis | Lipids
Description:
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three isotypes (PPARα, PPARβ or δ, and PPARγ) with distinct tissue distributions and cellular functions have been found in vertebrates. All three PPAR isotypes are expressed in rodent and human skin. They were initially investigated for a possible function in the establishment of the permeability barrier in skin because of their known function in lipid metabolism in other cell types. In vitro studies using specific PPAR agonists and in vivo gene disruption approaches in mice indeed suggest an important contribution of PPARα in the formation of the epidermal barrier and in sebocyte differentiation. The PPARγ isotype plays a role in stimulating sebocyte development and lipogenesis, but does not appear to contribute to epidermal tissue differentiation. The third isotype, PPARβ, regulates the late stages of sebaceous cell differentiation, and is the most effective isotype in stimulating lipid production in these cells, both in rodents and in humans. In addition, PPARβ activation has pro-differentiating effects in kera-tinocytes under normal and inflammatory conditions. Finally, preliminary studies also point to a potential role of PPAR in hair follicle growth and in melanocyte differentiation. By their diverse biological effects on cell proliferation and differentiation in the skin, PPAR agonists or antagonists may offer interesting oppotunities for the treatment of various skin disorders characterized by inflammation, cell hyperproliferation, and aberrant differentiation.
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Keywords {🔍}

article, google, scholar, pubmed, cas, peroxisome, proliferatoractivated, differentiation, receptors, dermatol, skin, invest, receptor, ppar, wahli, cell, epidermal, expression, desvergne, development, michalik, pparα, elias, feingold, mol, nuclear, williams, hanley, role, growth, biol, keratinocyte, hormone, pparβ, tissue, barrier, sebocyte, keratinocytes, hair, privacy, cookies, function, content, human, lipid, agonists, access, adipose, rosenfield, activators,

Topics {✒️}

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors month download article/chapter peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor article di-poï ligand-activated transcription factors adipose differentiation-related protein hair follicle morphogenesis hair follicle growth béatrice desvergne & walter wahli β/δ stimulates differentiation epidermal permeability barrier hyperproliferative epidermis keratinocyte gene expression full article pdf related subjects nuclear factor κb tracheobronchial epithelial cells fetal epidermal differentiation privacy choices/manage cookies epidermal tissue differentiation author correspondence human hair follicles rxr-α ablation specific retinoid receptors check access instant access skin homeostasis published farnesol stimulates differentiation rat embryonic development epidermal barrier skin disorders characterized lesional psoriatic skin skin equivalent model ppar β/δ stimulating lipid production keratinocyte response keratinocyte differentiation skin alterations resulting european economic area offer interesting oppotunities akt1 signaling pathway hypolipidemic agents identified van der veen sebaceous cell differentiation pro-differentiating effects diverse biological effects combined topical agents proliferative skin disease stimulating sebocyte development

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         description:The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three isotypes (PPARα, PPARβ or δ, and PPARγ) with distinct tissue distributions and cellular functions have been found in vertebrates. All three PPAR isotypes are expressed in rodent and human skin. They were initially investigated for a possible function in the establishment of the permeability barrier in skin because of their known function in lipid metabolism in other cell types. In vitro studies using specific PPAR agonists and in vivo gene disruption approaches in mice indeed suggest an important contribution of PPARα in the formation of the epidermal barrier and in sebocyte differentiation. The PPARγ isotype plays a role in stimulating sebocyte development and lipogenesis, but does not appear to contribute to epidermal tissue differentiation. The third isotype, PPARβ, regulates the late stages of sebaceous cell differentiation, and is the most effective isotype in stimulating lipid production in these cells, both in rodents and in humans. In addition, PPARβ activation has pro-differentiating effects in kera-tinocytes under normal and inflammatory conditions. Finally, preliminary studies also point to a potential role of PPAR in hair follicle growth and in melanocyte differentiation. By their diverse biological effects on cell proliferation and differentiation in the skin, PPAR agonists or antagonists may offer interesting oppotunities for the treatment of various skin disorders characterized by inflammation, cell hyperproliferation, and aberrant differentiation.
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            PPAR Agonist
            Keratinocyte Differentiation
            Epidermal Barrier
            Interfollicular Epidermis
            Lipidology
            Neurochemistry
            Medical Biochemistry
            Nutrition
            Medicinal Chemistry
            Microbial Genetics and Genomics
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      headline:Functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in skin homeostasis
      description:The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three isotypes (PPARα, PPARβ or δ, and PPARγ) with distinct tissue distributions and cellular functions have been found in vertebrates. All three PPAR isotypes are expressed in rodent and human skin. They were initially investigated for a possible function in the establishment of the permeability barrier in skin because of their known function in lipid metabolism in other cell types. In vitro studies using specific PPAR agonists and in vivo gene disruption approaches in mice indeed suggest an important contribution of PPARα in the formation of the epidermal barrier and in sebocyte differentiation. The PPARγ isotype plays a role in stimulating sebocyte development and lipogenesis, but does not appear to contribute to epidermal tissue differentiation. The third isotype, PPARβ, regulates the late stages of sebaceous cell differentiation, and is the most effective isotype in stimulating lipid production in these cells, both in rodents and in humans. In addition, PPARβ activation has pro-differentiating effects in kera-tinocytes under normal and inflammatory conditions. Finally, preliminary studies also point to a potential role of PPAR in hair follicle growth and in melanocyte differentiation. By their diverse biological effects on cell proliferation and differentiation in the skin, PPAR agonists or antagonists may offer interesting oppotunities for the treatment of various skin disorders characterized by inflammation, cell hyperproliferation, and aberrant differentiation.
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         Hair Follicle
         PPAR Agonist
         Keratinocyte Differentiation
         Epidermal Barrier
         Interfollicular Epidermis
         Lipidology
         Neurochemistry
         Medical Biochemistry
         Nutrition
         Medicinal Chemistry
         Microbial Genetics and Genomics
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