We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11011-018-0186-6.

Title:
Relationship between absolute and relative ratios of glutamate, glutamine and GABA and severity of autism spectrum disorder | Metabolic Brain Disease
Description:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by an impairment in social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. Glutamate signaling abnormalities are thought to be considered as major etiological mechanisms leading to ASD. The search for amino-acidic catabolytes related to glutamate in patients with different levels of ASD might help current research to clarify the mechanisms underlying glutamate signaling and its disorders, particularly in relation to ASD. In the present study, plasma levels of the amino acids and their derivatives glutamate, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), associated with their relative ratios, were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in 40 male children with ASD and in 38 age- and gender-matched neurotypical health controls. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was used to evaluate social cognition, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess subjects’ behaviors. Children with ASD exhibited a significant elevation of plasma GABA and glutamate/glutamine ratio, as well as significantly lower levels of plasma glutamine and glutamate/GABA ratios compared to controls. No significant correlation was found between glutamate levels and the severity of autism, measured by CARS and SRS. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve for GABA compared to other parameters was close to one, indicating its potential use as a biomarker. Glutamine appeared as the best predictive prognostic markers in the present study. The results of the present study indicate a disturbed balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in ASD. The study also indicates that an increased plasma level of GABA can be potentially used as an early diagnostic biomarker for ASD.
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pubmed, article, google, scholar, autism, cas, spectrum, glutamate, central, disorder, disorders, brain, children, glutamine, gaba, bjørklund, research, elansary, asd, saudi, university, alayadhi, levels, httpsdoiorgs, httpsdoiorg, social, ratios, related, plasma, access, dis, psychiatry, author, arabia, privacy, cookies, content, data, search, chirumbolo, afaf, study, scale, childhood, gabaergic, association, disord, dev, developmental, metab,

Topics {✒️}

gamma-aminobutyric acid γ-aminobutyric acid month download article/chapter laila al-ayadhi proteome-based plasma biomarkers article al-otaish salvatore chirumbolo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder author information authors amino-acidic catabolytes related selected biomarkers related glutamate/gaba ratios compared saudi arabia astrocyte-mediated synapse remodeling glutamate excitotoxicity neurotransmitter 2 geir bjørklund full article pdf social responsiveness scale equalizing excitation-inhibition ratios autism spectrum disorders neurodevelopmental pathology characterized decreased glutamine levels author reply 913 author correspondence autism spectrum disorder saudi autistic patients saudi autistic children glutamate/glutamine ratio national research centre check access instant access gabaergic/glutamatergic imbalance relative psychiatric disorders privacy choices/manage cookies basic neurochemistry neurodevelopmental disorders al-ayadhi syndromic autistic disorder glutamate mediated signaling glutamate-glutamine cycle social behavior deficit acid glycosaminoglycan high-functioning autism assess subjects’ behaviors �critical period” disorder obsessive compulsive disorder pervasive developmental disorders glutamate system dysregulation

Questions {❓}

Good P (2013) Dose infectious fever relieves autistic behavior by by releasing glutamine from skeletal muscles as provisional fuel?
LeBlanc JJ, Fagiolini M (2011) Autism: a “critical period” disorder?
Owens DF, Kriegstein AR (2002) Is there more to GABA than synaptic inhibition?

Schema {🗺️}

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         headline:Relationship between absolute and relative ratios of glutamate, glutamine and GABA and severity of autism spectrum disorder
         description:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by an impairment in social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. Glutamate signaling abnormalities are thought to be considered as major etiological mechanisms leading to ASD. The search for amino-acidic catabolytes related to glutamate in patients with different levels of ASD might help current research to clarify the mechanisms underlying glutamate signaling and its disorders, particularly in relation to ASD. In the present study, plasma levels of the amino acids and their derivatives glutamate, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), associated with their relative ratios, were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in 40 male children with ASD and in 38 age- and gender-matched neurotypical health controls. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was used to evaluate social cognition, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess subjects’ behaviors. Children with ASD exhibited a significant elevation of plasma GABA and glutamate/glutamine ratio, as well as significantly lower levels of plasma glutamine and glutamate/GABA ratios compared to controls. No significant correlation was found between glutamate levels and the severity of autism, measured by CARS and SRS. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve for GABA compared to other parameters was close to one, indicating its potential use as a biomarker. Glutamine appeared as the best predictive prognostic markers in the present study. The results of the present study indicate a disturbed balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in ASD. The study also indicates that an increased plasma level of GABA can be potentially used as an early diagnostic biomarker for ASD.
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      headline:Relationship between absolute and relative ratios of glutamate, glutamine and GABA and severity of autism spectrum disorder
      description:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by an impairment in social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. Glutamate signaling abnormalities are thought to be considered as major etiological mechanisms leading to ASD. The search for amino-acidic catabolytes related to glutamate in patients with different levels of ASD might help current research to clarify the mechanisms underlying glutamate signaling and its disorders, particularly in relation to ASD. In the present study, plasma levels of the amino acids and their derivatives glutamate, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), associated with their relative ratios, were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in 40 male children with ASD and in 38 age- and gender-matched neurotypical health controls. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was used to evaluate social cognition, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess subjects’ behaviors. Children with ASD exhibited a significant elevation of plasma GABA and glutamate/glutamine ratio, as well as significantly lower levels of plasma glutamine and glutamate/GABA ratios compared to controls. No significant correlation was found between glutamate levels and the severity of autism, measured by CARS and SRS. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve for GABA compared to other parameters was close to one, indicating its potential use as a biomarker. Glutamine appeared as the best predictive prognostic markers in the present study. The results of the present study indicate a disturbed balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in ASD. The study also indicates that an increased plasma level of GABA can be potentially used as an early diagnostic biomarker for ASD.
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         Biochemistry
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      name:Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
      name:Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
      name:Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
      name:Department of Zoology, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
      name:Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
      name:Shaik AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
      name:Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
      name:Medicinal Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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