We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10585-011-9415-7.

Title:
Reduction of metastasis using a non-volatile buffer | Clinical & Experimental Metastasis
Description:
The tumor microenvironment is acidic as a consequence of upregulated glycolysis and poor perfusion and this acidity, in turn, promotes invasion and metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that chronic consumption of sodium bicarbonate increased tumor pH and reduced spontaneous and experimental metastases. This occurred without affecting systemic pH, which was compensated. Additionally, these prior data did not rule out the possibility that bicarbonate was working though effects on carbonic anhydrase, and not as a buffer per se. Here, we present evidence that chronic ingestion of a non-volatile buffer, 2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonylpropionic acid (IEPA) with a pK a of 6.9 also reduced metastasis in an experimental PC3M prostate cancer mouse model. Animals (n = 30) were injected with luciferase expressing PC3M prostate cancer cells either subcutaneously (s.c., n = 10) or intravenously (i.v., n = 20). Four days prior to inoculations, half of the animals for each experiment were provided drinking water containing 200 mM IEPA buffer. Animals were imaged weekly to follow metastasis, and these data showed that animals treated with IEPA had significantly fewer experimental lung metastasis compared to control groups (P < 0.04). Consistent with prior work, the pH of treated tumors was elevated compared to controls. IEPA is observable by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and this was used to measure the presence of IEPA in the bladder, confirming that it was orally available. The results of this study indicate that metastasis can be reduced by non-volatile buffers as well as bicarbonate and thus the effect appears to be due to pH buffering per se.
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Keywords {🔍}

iepa, tumor, cancer, metastasis, article, metastases, google, scholar, animals, cells, cas, pubmed, experimental, primary, buffer, imaging, bicarbonate, effect, tumors, tap, fig, images, animal, data, water, magnetic, resonance, obtained, nonvolatile, spontaneous, pcm, buffers, injection, mice, prostate, vivo, growth, model, study, extracellular, shown, bioluminescence, mouse, acidic, invasion, prior, days, work, cell, models,

Topics {✒️}

2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-propionic acid 2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonylpropionic acid basler tri-linear-array article download pdf related subjects microenvironment-induced cancer metastasis minimum essential media/earle higher steady-state concentrations arig ibrahim hashim membrane type-matrix metalloproteinases luciferase-expressing cells magnetic resonance spectroscopy fast spin echo breast cancer metastasis prostate cancer metastasis tailed students t-test cancer imaging research magnetic resonance imaging privacy choices/manage cookies pc3m prostate model full access �acid-mediated invasion hypothesis mem/ebss media t2 weighted images reaction-diffusion models analytic microscopy research reduce lung metastasis varian pulse sequence extra cellular space synthetic imidazole buffer significant inhibitory effect favorable clinical outcomes note log scale mathematical models supported cancer cells acidic prostate animal models increased experimental metastases vivo spectroscopic imaging lung imaging sessions summary significant reduction glucose metabolism combined varian vnmrj software promote immune infiltration pathogen free rooms resulting dose 150 μg/ light-tight chamber 8na objective lens intensity specification defined flip angle 90 deg synthetic imadizolic base

Questions {❓}

Griffiths JR (1991) Are cancer cells acidic?

Schema {🗺️}

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         headline:Reduction of metastasis using a non-volatile buffer
         description:The tumor microenvironment is acidic as a consequence of upregulated glycolysis and poor perfusion and this acidity, in turn, promotes invasion and metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that chronic consumption of sodium bicarbonate increased tumor pH and reduced spontaneous and experimental metastases. This occurred without affecting systemic pH, which was compensated. Additionally, these prior data did not rule out the possibility that bicarbonate was working though effects on carbonic anhydrase, and not as a buffer per se. Here, we present evidence that chronic ingestion of a non-volatile buffer, 2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonylpropionic acid (IEPA) with a pK a of 6.9 also reduced metastasis in an experimental PC3M prostate cancer mouse model. Animals (n = 30) were injected with luciferase expressing PC3M prostate cancer cells either subcutaneously (s.c., n = 10) or intravenously (i.v., n = 20). Four days prior to inoculations, half of the animals for each experiment were provided drinking water containing 200 mM IEPA buffer. Animals were imaged weekly to follow metastasis, and these data showed that animals treated with IEPA had significantly fewer experimental lung metastasis compared to control groups (P < 0.04). Consistent with prior work, the pH of treated tumors was elevated compared to controls. IEPA is observable by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and this was used to measure the presence of IEPA in the bladder, confirming that it was orally available. The results of this study indicate that metastasis can be reduced by non-volatile buffers as well as bicarbonate and thus the effect appears to be due to pH buffering per se.
         datePublished:2011-08-23T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2011-08-23T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:841
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            Biomedicine
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      headline:Reduction of metastasis using a non-volatile buffer
      description:The tumor microenvironment is acidic as a consequence of upregulated glycolysis and poor perfusion and this acidity, in turn, promotes invasion and metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that chronic consumption of sodium bicarbonate increased tumor pH and reduced spontaneous and experimental metastases. This occurred without affecting systemic pH, which was compensated. Additionally, these prior data did not rule out the possibility that bicarbonate was working though effects on carbonic anhydrase, and not as a buffer per se. Here, we present evidence that chronic ingestion of a non-volatile buffer, 2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonylpropionic acid (IEPA) with a pK a of 6.9 also reduced metastasis in an experimental PC3M prostate cancer mouse model. Animals (n = 30) were injected with luciferase expressing PC3M prostate cancer cells either subcutaneously (s.c., n = 10) or intravenously (i.v., n = 20). Four days prior to inoculations, half of the animals for each experiment were provided drinking water containing 200 mM IEPA buffer. Animals were imaged weekly to follow metastasis, and these data showed that animals treated with IEPA had significantly fewer experimental lung metastasis compared to control groups (P < 0.04). Consistent with prior work, the pH of treated tumors was elevated compared to controls. IEPA is observable by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and this was used to measure the presence of IEPA in the bladder, confirming that it was orally available. The results of this study indicate that metastasis can be reduced by non-volatile buffers as well as bicarbonate and thus the effect appears to be due to pH buffering per se.
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         Biomedicine
         general
         Oncology
         Hematology
         Surgical Oncology
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            name:H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
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               type:PostalAddress
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PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Analytic Microscopy Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
      name:Department of Cancer Imaging Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA

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