We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10555-016-9629-x.

Title:
Origins, structures, and functions of circulating DNA in oncology | Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Description:
While various clinical applications especially in oncology are now in progress such as diagnosis, prognosis, therapy monitoring, or patient follow-up, the determination of structural characteristics of cell-free circulating DNA (cirDNA) are still being researched. Nevertheless, some specific structures have been identified and cirDNA has been shown to be composed of many “kinds.” This structural description goes hand-in-hand with the mechanisms of its origins such as apoptosis, necrosis, active release, phagocytosis, and exocytose. There are multiple structural forms of cirDNA depending upon the mechanism of release: particulate structures (exosomes, microparticles, apoptotic bodies) or macromolecular structures (nucleosomes, virtosomes/proteolipidonucleic acid complexes, DNA traps, links with serum proteins or to the cell-free membrane parts). In addition, cirDNA concerns both nuclear and/or mitochondrial DNA with both species exhibiting different structural characteristics that potentially reveal different forms of biological stability or diagnostic significance. This review focuses on the origins, structures and functional aspects that are paradoxically less well described in the literature while numerous reviews are directed to the clinical application of cirDNA. Differentiation of the various structures and better knowledge of the fate of cirDNA would considerably expand the diagnostic power of cirDNA analysis especially with regard to the patient follow-up enlarging the scope of personalized medicine. A better understanding of the subsequent fate of cirDNA would also help in deciphering its functional aspects such as their capacity for either genometastasis or their pro-inflammatory and immunological effects.
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Keywords {🔍}

dna, pubmed, google, scholar, cirdna, cas, article, cancer, cells, circulating, cell, patients, tumor, stroun, central, extracellular, anker, clinical, human, size, nucleic, plasma, blood, journal, mitochondrial, fig, analysis, origin, release, acids, structures, released, research, shown, found, complex, gahan, healthy, colorectal, traps, studies, mice, full, sciences, oncology, neutrophil, nature, system, mutant, kras,

Topics {✒️}

carcinogenic halo-alkane-based pesticides c-jun n-terminal kinase une mutation k-ras article download pdf post-translational histone modifications cell-surface-bound nucleic acids biulleten' eksperimental'noĭ biologii released mutant k-ras double-strand dna breaks nucleic acid-binding polymers solanum melongena induced double-strand instability specific double-stranded form external double-stranded dna turned q-pcr-based method kaplan-meier survival curve inhibiting anti-viral responses nucleic acid-lipoprotein complexes single-stranded library preparation cools-lartigue jj lewis lung carcinoma cell-free dna comprises cell-free nucleic acids circulating cell-free genomic cell-free circulating dna circulating cell-free dna virtosomes/proteolipidonucleic acid complexes allele-specific q-pcr anti-tumorogenic properties related comptes rendues á produced specific anti-hsv transferring genetic materials transformed nih/3t3 cells human released t-dna malignant-derived fractional concentrations tissue-specific cell death circulating tumor-derived dna malignant-derived circulating dna q-pcr-based methods dna double-helix structure cell-free dna collected binding ligand-tlr provokes insulin-dependent diabetic patients size-based molecular diagnostics quantitative cell-free dna nf-kb-inducing kinase cell-free membrane parts cell-surface-bound dna lung tumor-bearing mice cell-free dna screening

Questions {❓}

Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A (2012) Neutrophil extracellular traps: Is immunity the second function of chromatin?
Cooper PR, Palmer LJ, Chapple ILC (2013) Neutrophil extracellular traps as a new paradigm in innate immunity: friend or foe?
Fridlender ZG, Albelda SM (2012) Tumor Associated Neutrophils: Friend or Foe?
Gahan PB, Anker P, Stroun M (2008) Metabolic DNA as the origin of spontaneously released DNA?
Genes that jump species: does this shake the tree of life?
Kandel ES (2012) Mutations in circulating mitochondrial DNA: Cassandra of oral cancer?
Mittra I, Nair NK, Mishra PK (2012) Nucleic acids in circulation: are they harmful to the host?
Rakoff-Nahoum S (2006) Why cancer and inflammation?
These data imply the presence of a “stable” structure, raising questions concerning the identification of these structures: are they the signature of the presence of mitochondria in the blood?
Yipp BG, Kubes P (2013) NETosis: how vital is it?
Van der Vaart M, Pretorius PJ (2010) Is the role of circulating DNA as a biomarker of cancer being prematurely overrated?

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:While various clinical applications especially in oncology are now in progress such as diagnosis, prognosis, therapy monitoring, or patient follow-up, the determination of structural characteristics of cell-free circulating DNA (cirDNA) are still being researched. Nevertheless, some specific structures have been identified and cirDNA has been shown to be composed of many “kinds.” This structural description goes hand-in-hand with the mechanisms of its origins such as apoptosis, necrosis, active release, phagocytosis, and exocytose. There are multiple structural forms of cirDNA depending upon the mechanism of release: particulate structures (exosomes, microparticles, apoptotic bodies) or macromolecular structures (nucleosomes, virtosomes/proteolipidonucleic acid complexes, DNA traps, links with serum proteins or to the cell-free membrane parts). In addition, cirDNA concerns both nuclear and/or mitochondrial DNA with both species exhibiting different structural characteristics that potentially reveal different forms of biological stability or diagnostic significance. This review focuses on the origins, structures and functional aspects that are paradoxically less well described in the literature while numerous reviews are directed to the clinical application of cirDNA. Differentiation of the various structures and better knowledge of the fate of cirDNA would considerably expand the diagnostic power of cirDNA analysis especially with regard to the patient follow-up enlarging the scope of personalized medicine. A better understanding of the subsequent fate of cirDNA would also help in deciphering its functional aspects such as their capacity for either genometastasis or their pro-inflammatory and immunological effects.
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      headline:Origins, structures, and functions of circulating DNA in oncology
      description:While various clinical applications especially in oncology are now in progress such as diagnosis, prognosis, therapy monitoring, or patient follow-up, the determination of structural characteristics of cell-free circulating DNA (cirDNA) are still being researched. Nevertheless, some specific structures have been identified and cirDNA has been shown to be composed of many “kinds.” This structural description goes hand-in-hand with the mechanisms of its origins such as apoptosis, necrosis, active release, phagocytosis, and exocytose. There are multiple structural forms of cirDNA depending upon the mechanism of release: particulate structures (exosomes, microparticles, apoptotic bodies) or macromolecular structures (nucleosomes, virtosomes/proteolipidonucleic acid complexes, DNA traps, links with serum proteins or to the cell-free membrane parts). In addition, cirDNA concerns both nuclear and/or mitochondrial DNA with both species exhibiting different structural characteristics that potentially reveal different forms of biological stability or diagnostic significance. This review focuses on the origins, structures and functional aspects that are paradoxically less well described in the literature while numerous reviews are directed to the clinical application of cirDNA. Differentiation of the various structures and better knowledge of the fate of cirDNA would considerably expand the diagnostic power of cirDNA analysis especially with regard to the patient follow-up enlarging the scope of personalized medicine. A better understanding of the subsequent fate of cirDNA would also help in deciphering its functional aspects such as their capacity for either genometastasis or their pro-inflammatory and immunological effects.
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