We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10434-001-0072-y.

Title:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Correlates With Neoangiogenesis and a Poor Prognosis | Annals of Surgical Oncology
Description:
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. We investigated the prognostic significance of VEGF overexpression, intratumoral microvessel density (MVD), and angiolymphatic invasion in stage Ia-b non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eighty-five patients undergoing complete surgical resection of pathologic stage Ia-b NSCLC were evaluated. The mean and median clinical follow-up were 37.1 and 39.0 months (range, 30–44 months), respectively. Paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were stained with VEGF and CD31 (a specific endothelial marker) using immunohistochemical methods. VEGF staining was evaluated, by combining both percentage of positive tumor cells and staining intensity, as low (negative and < 20% of tumor cells showing weak positivity), or high (>20% of tumor cells showing strong positivity). CD31 staining was expressed as MVD per high power field at 400× magnification. Angiolymphatic invasion was expressed as either presence or absence. Results: Low VEGF expression was seen in 25 (29%) patients, and high VEGF expression was seen in 60 (71%) patients. The survival rate in patients with low VEGF expression was significantly higher (80%) than that in those with high VEGF expression (48%, P = .018). The mean MVD in the low VEGF group was 23.7 ± 5.7 vs. 34.4 ± 9.3 in the high VEGF group (P = .001). Patients with high MVD also had a significantly lower survival rate than did those with low MVD count (46% vs. 73%, P = .0053). Age, sex, tumor type, and tumor differentiation were not found to be associated with overall survival. The presence of angiolymphatic invasion and T2 stage (i.e., tumor size > 3 cm) were associated with decreased survival. High VEGF expression, tumor size, and angiolymphatic invasion emerged as three independent factors predicting worsening prognosis using multivariate analysis. Conclusion: High VEGF expression within stage I NSCLC is closely associated with high intratumoral angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical evaluation of T stage and VEGF expression along with examination of angiolymphatic invasion perioperatively may aid in predicting prognosis. Adjuvant therapies aimed at retarding tumor angiogenesis may be considered for stage I NSCLC patients with high VEGF levels.
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google, scholar, cancer, factor, pubmed, cas, vascular, growth, endothelial, vegf, expression, lung, angiogenesis, article, tumor, cell, stage, nonsmall, high, patients, prognosis, prognostic, angiolymphatic, invasion, survival, carcinoma, privacy, cookies, content, mvd, low, access, department, surg, information, publish, search, oncology, nsclc, early, thorac, tumors, breast, pittsburgh, data, log, journal, research, surgical, correlates,

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month download article/chapter squamous cell carcinoma related subjects node-negative breast carcinoma paraffin-embedded tumor specimens international staging system vascular permeability factor surgical oncology aims full article pdf privacy choices/manage cookies high vegf levels early gastric carcinoma specific endothelial marker high vegf expression low vegf expression intratumor microvessel density intratumoral microvessel density positive tumor cells high vegf group low vegf group secreted angiogenic mitogen primary lung cancer primary breast cancer european economic area median clinical follow adjuvant therapies aimed putman jb jr devita vt jr van de water human lung adenocarcinoma allegheny general hospital article han check access instant access breast carcinoma retarding tumor angiogenesis high power field conditions privacy policy angiolymphatic invasion emerged angiolymphatic invasion perioperatively article annals high intratumoral angiogenesis malignant fibrous histiocytoma accepting optional cookies vital statistics 1993 vegf expression damato md & ming solid human tumors strong expression tumor growth

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Assessment of angiogenesis in breast carcinoma: an important factor in prognosis?
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         headline:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Correlates With Neoangiogenesis and a Poor Prognosis
         description:Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. We investigated the prognostic significance of VEGF overexpression, intratumoral microvessel density (MVD), and angiolymphatic invasion in stage Ia-b non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eighty-five patients undergoing complete surgical resection of pathologic stage Ia-b NSCLC were evaluated. The mean and median clinical follow-up were 37.1 and 39.0 months (range, 30–44 months), respectively. Paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were stained with VEGF and CD31 (a specific endothelial marker) using immunohistochemical methods. VEGF staining was evaluated, by combining both percentage of positive tumor cells and staining intensity, as low (negative and < 20% of tumor cells showing weak positivity), or high (>20% of tumor cells showing strong positivity). CD31 staining was expressed as MVD per high power field at 400× magnification. Angiolymphatic invasion was expressed as either presence or absence. Results: Low VEGF expression was seen in 25 (29%) patients, and high VEGF expression was seen in 60 (71%) patients. The survival rate in patients with low VEGF expression was significantly higher (80%) than that in those with high VEGF expression (48%, P = .018). The mean MVD in the low VEGF group was 23.7 ± 5.7 vs. 34.4 ± 9.3 in the high VEGF group (P = .001). Patients with high MVD also had a significantly lower survival rate than did those with low MVD count (46% vs. 73%, P = .0053). Age, sex, tumor type, and tumor differentiation were not found to be associated with overall survival. The presence of angiolymphatic invasion and T2 stage (i.e., tumor size > 3 cm) were associated with decreased survival. High VEGF expression, tumor size, and angiolymphatic invasion emerged as three independent factors predicting worsening prognosis using multivariate analysis. Conclusion: High VEGF expression within stage I NSCLC is closely associated with high intratumoral angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical evaluation of T stage and VEGF expression along with examination of angiolymphatic invasion perioperatively may aid in predicting prognosis. Adjuvant therapies aimed at retarding tumor angiogenesis may be considered for stage I NSCLC patients with high VEGF levels.
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