We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s004410100416.

Title:
Embryonic stem cell-derived neurogenesis | Cell and Tissue Research
Description:
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to differentiate in vitro into endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal cell types. However, the spontaneous development of neuronal cells from ES cells is rather limited. Therefore, specific protocols to increase the differentiation of neuronal cells have been established, such as retinoic acid (RA) induction and lineage selection of neuronal cells. High concentrations of RA resulted in efficient neuronal differentiation paralleled by the expression of tissue-specific genes, proteins, ion channels, and receptors in a developmentally controlled manner. Because the developmental pattern and survival capacity of RA-induced neuronal cells were limited, specific differentiation protocols by lineage selection of neuronal cells have been established using growth and extracellular matrix factors. After formation of cells of the three primary germ layers, mesodermal differentiation was inhibited by serum depletion, and neural precursor cells were generated by addition of basic fibroblast growth factor, followed by differentiation induction by neuronal differentiation factors. Further application of survival-promoting factors such as neurotrophic factors and cytokines at terminal stages resulted in a significant increase, survival, and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. In the future, these cellular systems will be applicable: (1) for studying commitment and neuronal specification in vitro, (2) as pharmacological assays for drug screening, and (3) for the selective isolation of differentiated neuronal cells which may be used as a source for cell and tissue grafts.
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Keywords {🔍}

neuronal, cells, article, differentiation, cell, research, stem, factors, privacy, cookies, content, access, information, publish, search, tissue, embryonic, neurogenesis, lineage, neurons, data, log, journal, retinoic, acid, induction, selection, guan, chang, rolletschek, vitro, growth, discover, springer, optional, personal, parties, policy, find, track, cellderived, published, june, cite, kaomei, hong, alexandra, anna, wobus, explore,

Topics {✒️}

month download article/chapter retinoic acid ra-induced neuronal cells embryonic stem spermatogonia stem cells neural precursor cells neuronal differentiation factors dopaminergic neurons tissue research aims differentiated neuronal cells deep-layer neurons extracellular matrix factors ectodermal cell types full article pdf privacy choices/manage cookies crop plant research direct neuronal reprogramming survival-promoting factors article cell tissue-specific genes neuronal cells specific differentiation protocols european economic area developmentally controlled manner primary germ layers related subjects check access instant access conditions privacy policy differentiation induction vitro differentiation group developmental pattern terminal stages resulted alexandra rolletschek & anna article guan accepting optional cookies neurotrophic factors main content log journal finder publish neuronal specification article log spontaneous development tissue grafts growth article cite es cells privacy policy personal data books a mesodermal differentiation

Schema {🗺️}

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         headline:Embryonic stem cell-derived neurogenesis
         description: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to differentiate in vitro into endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal cell types. However, the spontaneous development of neuronal cells from ES cells is rather limited. Therefore, specific protocols to increase the differentiation of neuronal cells have been established, such as retinoic acid (RA) induction and lineage selection of neuronal cells. High concentrations of RA resulted in efficient neuronal differentiation paralleled by the expression of tissue-specific genes, proteins, ion channels, and receptors in a developmentally controlled manner. Because the developmental pattern and survival capacity of RA-induced neuronal cells were limited, specific differentiation protocols by lineage selection of neuronal cells have been established using growth and extracellular matrix factors. After formation of cells of the three primary germ layers, mesodermal differentiation was inhibited by serum depletion, and neural precursor cells were generated by addition of basic fibroblast growth factor, followed by differentiation induction by neuronal differentiation factors. Further application of survival-promoting factors such as neurotrophic factors and cytokines at terminal stages resulted in a significant increase, survival, and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. In the future, these cellular systems will be applicable: (1) for studying commitment and neuronal specification in vitro, (2) as pharmacological assays for drug screening, and (3) for the selective isolation of differentiated neuronal cells which may be used as a source for cell and tissue grafts.
         datePublished:2001-06-06T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2001-06-06T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:171
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            Human Genetics
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      headline:Embryonic stem cell-derived neurogenesis
      description: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to differentiate in vitro into endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal cell types. However, the spontaneous development of neuronal cells from ES cells is rather limited. Therefore, specific protocols to increase the differentiation of neuronal cells have been established, such as retinoic acid (RA) induction and lineage selection of neuronal cells. High concentrations of RA resulted in efficient neuronal differentiation paralleled by the expression of tissue-specific genes, proteins, ion channels, and receptors in a developmentally controlled manner. Because the developmental pattern and survival capacity of RA-induced neuronal cells were limited, specific differentiation protocols by lineage selection of neuronal cells have been established using growth and extracellular matrix factors. After formation of cells of the three primary germ layers, mesodermal differentiation was inhibited by serum depletion, and neural precursor cells were generated by addition of basic fibroblast growth factor, followed by differentiation induction by neuronal differentiation factors. Further application of survival-promoting factors such as neurotrophic factors and cytokines at terminal stages resulted in a significant increase, survival, and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. In the future, these cellular systems will be applicable: (1) for studying commitment and neuronal specification in vitro, (2) as pharmacological assays for drug screening, and (3) for the selective isolation of differentiated neuronal cells which may be used as a source for cell and tissue grafts.
      datePublished:2001-06-06T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2001-06-06T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:171
      pageEnd:176
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         Mouse embryonic stem cells Neuronal cells Retinoic acid Dopaminergic neurons Growth factors
         Human Genetics
         Proteomics
         Molecular Medicine
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