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We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00429-014-0792-y.

Title:
An analysis of von Economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans, artiodactyls, and perissodactyls | Brain Structure and Function
Description:
Von Economo neurons (VENs) are specialized projection neurons with a characteristic spindle-shaped soma and thick basal and apical dendrites. VENs have been described in restricted cortical regions, with their most frequent appearance in layers III and V of the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and frontopolar cortex of humans, great apes, macaque monkeys, elephants, and some cetaceans. Recently, a ubiquitous distribution of VENs was reported in various cortical areas in the pygmy hippopotamus, one of the closest living relatives of cetaceans. That finding suggested that VENs might not be unique to only a few species that possess enlarged brains. In the present analysis, we assessed the phylogenetic distribution of VENs within species representative of the superordinal clade that includes cetartiodactyls and perissodactyls, as well as afrotherians. In addition, the distribution of fork cells that are often found in close proximity to VENs was also assessed. Nissl-stained sections from the frontal pole, anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and occipital pole of bowhead whale, cow, sheep, deer, horse, pig, rock hyrax, and human were examined using stereologic methods to quantify VENs and fork cells within layer V of all four cortical regions. VENs and fork cells were found in each of the species examined here with species-specific differences in distributions and densities. The present results demonstrated that VENs and fork cells were not restricted to highly encephalized or socially complex species, and their repeated emergence among distantly related species seems to represent convergent evolution of specialized pyramidal neurons. The widespread phylogenetic presence of VENs and fork cells indicates that these neuron morphologies readily emerged in response to selective forces,whose variety and nature are yet to be identified.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {๐Ÿ“š}

  • Education
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Content Management System {๐Ÿ“}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

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Traffic Estimate {๐Ÿ“ˆ}

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๐ŸŒ  Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month


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Keywords {๐Ÿ”}

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Topics {โœ’๏ธ}

month download article/chapter van der gucht order-specific quantitative patterns characteristic spindle-shaped soma bowhead whale brainย samples central nervous system full article pdf article brain structure specialized projection neurons specialized pyramidal neurons mary ann raghanti privacy choices/manage cookies von economo neurons early onset schizophrenia seeley ww anterior cingulate cortex related subjects bowhead whale brains distantly related species insular cortex represent convergent evolution species-specific differences subcerebral projection neurons deciphering whale origins cetacean brain structure relative brain sizes cortical surface areas article raghanti cerebral cortex fissure european economic area closest living relatives nissl-stained sections de sousa aa thalamocortical visual system hypothesis correlating thermogenesis bininda-emonds orp youthful memory capacity multispecies coalescent model tension-based theory north slope borough made significant contributions expert technical assistance kent state university friedman brain institute fork cell loss spindle neuron number barrow whaling commission conditions privacy policy northwestern superaging project check access

Questions {โ“}

  • Craig AD (2009) How do you feel now?
  • Marx FG (2011) The more the merrier?
  • Welker W (1990) Why does cerebral cortex fissure and fold?

Schema {๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ}

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