We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-005-0045-2.

Title:
Flow Cytometric analysis of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in PBMCs as a parameter of immunological dysfunction in patients of Superficial Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder | Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Description:
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the commonest cancer of the bladder. Although majority of TCC can be diagnosed at an early stage and removed easily by transurethral resection of tumor (TURT), the management of this carcinoma is complicated due to frequent recurrences usually within 6 months to one-year period. An imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 immune responses has been attributed to immune dysregulation in various malignancies. The present study aims to evaluate the Th1 and Th2 balance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of 41 TCC patients (20 recurrent and 21 non-recurrent) using flow cytometry. It also further assesses immunological and cellular factors influencing the anti-neoplastic activity of the TCC patients and in 21 normal healthy subjects in terms of their cytokine expression and various cell surface markers. The findings of the study revealed that the cell surface markers CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ along with NK cells were found to be significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (p<0.01). The mean percent expression of CD4+ was significantly lower in patients showing recurrence (23.9±9.84) as compared to patients with non-recurrence (31.1±12.27). The percentage of CD4+T-cells (mean±SD) producing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α were statistically significantly reduced in patients (19.1±4.94, 52.3±20.86 and 12.8±4.49) as compared to healthy controls (23.3±3.67, 67.5±12.0 and 17.6±5.96 respectively), (p<0.01, 0.018, 0.001). On the contrary, the mean levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients (63.8±17.01, 60.4±14.79 and 65.7±14.84 respectively) were significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (24.4±8.77, 26.5±5.28 and 20.6±3.81 respectively), (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in the cytokine expression between patients showing recurrence and non-recurrence. Patients with bladder cancer seem to develop a Th2 dominant status with a deficient type1 immune response. The lymphocyte evaluation along with cytokine measurement can provide a sensitive and valuable tool for evaluating the function of cell-mediated immunity in these patients and can also find application in therapeutic monitoring of bladder cancer patients as new targets for immunotherapy.
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google, scholar, cas, pubmed, article, cancer, immunol, cells, patients, bladder, cell, tumor, cytokine, helper, carcinoma, analysis, flow, cytokines, immune, interleukin, immunother, clin, production, superficial, blood, expression, response, ifngamma, privacy, cookies, content, immunological, tcc, lymphocyte, access, murine, human, calmetteguerin, publish, search, immunology, immunotherapy, cytometric, dysfunction, agarwal, responses, peripheral, cytometry, healthy, significantly,

Topics {✒️}

t-cell-mediated inflammation depends month download article/chapter bcg-specific cd4+ t-cells inhibit cell-mediated immunity cytokine-mediated antitumor effect article cancer immunology bladder cancer cd4-positive tumour-induced suppression full article pdf delayed-type hypersensitivity noncytolytic cd8-cd4-cells antibody isotype secretion privacy choices/manage cookies ifn-gamma inhibits tumour necrosis factor cell surface markers cell-mediated immunity tumor antigen present fas-mediated suicide cd4+t-cells bacillus calmette-guerin tumour-immune phenotypes related subjects anti-proliferative effect superficial bladder carcinoma cell-mediated cytotoxicity tumor necrosis factor interleukin-4-expressing cells flow cytometric determination flow cytometric analysis tumor-bearing mice bacille calmette-guerin anti-neoplastic activity th1/th2 cytokine balance single cell level single-cell level single cell analysis statistically significant difference superficial bladder cancer th2 immune responses bladder tumor cells immune-checkpoints uncovered human memory/effector european economic area scope submit manuscript present study aims cellular factors influencing pd-l1 positivity lattime ec atopic diseases measured

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Manson LA (1991) Does antibody-dependent epitope masking permit progressive tumor growth in the face of cell-mediated cytotoxicity?

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         description:Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the commonest cancer of the bladder. Although majority of TCC can be diagnosed at an early stage and removed easily by transurethral resection of tumor (TURT), the management of this carcinoma is complicated due to frequent recurrences usually within 6 months to one-year period. An imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 immune responses has been attributed to immune dysregulation in various malignancies. The present study aims to evaluate the Th1 and Th2 balance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of 41 TCC patients (20 recurrent and 21 non-recurrent) using flow cytometry. It also further assesses immunological and cellular factors influencing the anti-neoplastic activity of the TCC patients and in 21 normal healthy subjects in terms of their cytokine expression and various cell surface markers. The findings of the study revealed that the cell surface markers CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ along with NK cells were found to be significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (p<0.01). The mean percent expression of CD4+ was significantly lower in patients showing recurrence (23.9±9.84) as compared to patients with non-recurrence (31.1±12.27). The percentage of CD4+T-cells (mean±SD) producing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α were statistically significantly reduced in patients (19.1±4.94, 52.3±20.86 and 12.8±4.49) as compared to healthy controls (23.3±3.67, 67.5±12.0 and 17.6±5.96 respectively), (p<0.01, 0.018, 0.001). On the contrary, the mean levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients (63.8±17.01, 60.4±14.79 and 65.7±14.84 respectively) were significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (24.4±8.77, 26.5±5.28 and 20.6±3.81 respectively), (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in the cytokine expression between patients showing recurrence and non-recurrence. Patients with bladder cancer seem to develop a Th2 dominant status with a deficient type1 immune response. The lymphocyte evaluation along with cytokine measurement can provide a sensitive and valuable tool for evaluating the function of cell-mediated immunity in these patients and can also find application in therapeutic monitoring of bladder cancer patients as new targets for immunotherapy.
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      description:Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the commonest cancer of the bladder. Although majority of TCC can be diagnosed at an early stage and removed easily by transurethral resection of tumor (TURT), the management of this carcinoma is complicated due to frequent recurrences usually within 6 months to one-year period. An imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 immune responses has been attributed to immune dysregulation in various malignancies. The present study aims to evaluate the Th1 and Th2 balance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of 41 TCC patients (20 recurrent and 21 non-recurrent) using flow cytometry. It also further assesses immunological and cellular factors influencing the anti-neoplastic activity of the TCC patients and in 21 normal healthy subjects in terms of their cytokine expression and various cell surface markers. The findings of the study revealed that the cell surface markers CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ along with NK cells were found to be significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (p<0.01). The mean percent expression of CD4+ was significantly lower in patients showing recurrence (23.9±9.84) as compared to patients with non-recurrence (31.1±12.27). The percentage of CD4+T-cells (mean±SD) producing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α were statistically significantly reduced in patients (19.1±4.94, 52.3±20.86 and 12.8±4.49) as compared to healthy controls (23.3±3.67, 67.5±12.0 and 17.6±5.96 respectively), (p<0.01, 0.018, 0.001). On the contrary, the mean levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients (63.8±17.01, 60.4±14.79 and 65.7±14.84 respectively) were significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (24.4±8.77, 26.5±5.28 and 20.6±3.81 respectively), (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in the cytokine expression between patients showing recurrence and non-recurrence. Patients with bladder cancer seem to develop a Th2 dominant status with a deficient type1 immune response. The lymphocyte evaluation along with cytokine measurement can provide a sensitive and valuable tool for evaluating the function of cell-mediated immunity in these patients and can also find application in therapeutic monitoring of bladder cancer patients as new targets for immunotherapy.
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         Cancer Research
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