We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00244-012-9825-9.

Title:
The Effects of Salinity and Salinity+Metal (Chromium and Lead) Exposure on ATPase Activity in the Gill and Intestine of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus | Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Description:
Freshwater organisms are highly sensitive to increases in salinity because they causes serious osmoregulation problems. Salinity of inland waters can be increased as a result of anthropogenic activities. In this study, freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus were exposed individually to increased salinities (0, 2, and 8 ppt) alone and salinity+metal [1 μg/mL chromium (Cr) or lead (Pb) exposure at 2 and 8 ppt] exposures for different time periods (1, 7, and 14 days) to investigate the response of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in the osmoregulatory tissues (gill and intestine). Results showed that enzyme activity varied depending on salinity, tissue, metal, and exposure duration. Metal levels in controls and salinity-exposed groups were lower than the detection limit, although significant Cr and Pb accumulation occurred in the salinity+metal combination groups. In salinity-exposed groups, there were increasing trends in the enzyme activity, whereas there were decreasing trends in the metal+salinity groups. Gill ATPases were more affected by the exposure conditions compared with intestine ATPases. Results showed that salinity+metal exposure both played significant roles on ATPase activities in the osmoregulatory tissues, although the alterations in the activity were mostly insignificant supporting compensation mechanisms. Results also suggest that the osmoregulation of freshwater fish should be investigated in toxicity- monitoring programs in inland waters.
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Keywords {🔍}

article, google, scholar, cas, freshwater, fish, toxicol, oreochromis, effects, exposure, activity, niloticus, gill, canli, environ, tilapia, atpase, copper, comp, physiol, biochem, salinity, metal, atli, aquat, acute, toxicity, metals, water, wood, pharmacol, biochemical, exposures, access, rainbow, trout, biol, privacy, cookies, content, salinitymetal, chromium, lead, intestine, osmoregulation, activities, chronic, mykiss, ecotoxicol, saf,

Topics {✒️}

gülüzar atli & mustafa canli exposure duration month download article/chapter salinity+metal [1 μg/ml chromium freshwater-acclimated euryhaline teleosts salinity+metal combination groups chloride cells copper-induced oxidative stress branchial lead–calcium interaction salinity+metal exposure author information authors mustafa canli exposure conditions compared seawater-adapted oreochromis niloticus full article pdf privacy choices/manage cookies potassium ions activate chronic sublethal exposure ambient cadmium exposure metal+salinity groups affect atpase activity eel atpase activity check access instant access fish res board cyprinodon variegatus acclimated freshwater rainbow trout freshwater teleosts exposed author correspondence k-atpase activity silver exposure european economic area toxicity- monitoring programs related subjects sodium uptake rate northeastern united states folin phenol reagent acid–base balance iono-regulatory disturbance dab limanda limanda salinity-exposed groups teleost intestinal cells conditions privacy policy boca raton comp biochem physiol hepatic metal levels gill atpase activity acute silver toxicity played significant roles toxicity-based model

Questions {❓}

Blanchard J, Grosell M (2006) Copper toxicity across salinities from freshwater to seawater in the euryhaline fish Fundulus heteroclitus: is copper an ionoregulatory toxicant in high salinities?
Stagg R, Goksoyr A, Rodger G (1992) Changes in branchial Na+, K+-ATPase, metallothionein and P450 1A1 in dab Limanda limanda in the German bight: indicators of sediment contamination?

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      description:Freshwater organisms are highly sensitive to increases in salinity because they causes serious osmoregulation problems. Salinity of inland waters can be increased as a result of anthropogenic activities. In this study, freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus were exposed individually to increased salinities (0, 2, and 8 ppt) alone and salinity+metal [1 μg/mL chromium (Cr) or lead (Pb) exposure at 2 and 8 ppt] exposures for different time periods (1, 7, and 14 days) to investigate the response of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in the osmoregulatory tissues (gill and intestine). Results showed that enzyme activity varied depending on salinity, tissue, metal, and exposure duration. Metal levels in controls and salinity-exposed groups were lower than the detection limit, although significant Cr and Pb accumulation occurred in the salinity+metal combination groups. In salinity-exposed groups, there were increasing trends in the enzyme activity, whereas there were decreasing trends in the metal+salinity groups. Gill ATPases were more affected by the exposure conditions compared with intestine ATPases. Results showed that salinity+metal exposure both played significant roles on ATPase activities in the osmoregulatory tissues, although the alterations in the activity were mostly insignificant supporting compensation mechanisms. Results also suggest that the osmoregulation of freshwater fish should be investigated in toxicity- monitoring programs in inland waters.
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