We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00239-006-0023-0.

Title:
Comprehensive Analysis of Animal TALE Homeobox Genes: New Conserved Motifs and Cases of Accelerated Evolution | Journal of Molecular Evolution
Description:
TALE homeodomain proteins are an ancient subgroup within the group of homeodomain transcription factors that play important roles in animal, plant, and fungal development. We have extracted the full complement of TALE superclass homeobox genes from the genome projects of seven protostomes, seven deuterostomes, and Nematostella. This was supplemented with TALE homeobox genes from additional species and phylogenetic analyses were carried out with 276 sequences. We found 20 homeobox genes and 4 pseudogenes in humans, 21 genes in mouse, 8 genes in Drosophila, and 5 genes plus one truncated gene in Caenorhabditis elegans. Apart from the previously identified TALE classes MEIS, PBC, IRO, and TGIF, a novel class is identified, termed MOHAWK (MKX). Further, we show that the MEIS class can be divided into two families, PREP and MEIS. Prep genes have previously only been described in vertebrates but are lacking in Drosophila. Here we identify orthologues in other insect taxa as well as in the cnidarian Nematostella. In C. elegans, a divergent Prep protein has lost the homeodomain. Full-length multiple sequence alignment of the protostome and deuterostome sequences allowed us to identify several novel conserved motifs within the MKX, TGIF, and MEIS classes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed fast-evolving PBC class genes; in particular, some X-linked PBC genes in nematodes are subject to rapid evolution. In addition, several instances of gene loss were identified. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis provides a defining framework for the classification of animal TALE homeobox genes and the understanding of their evolution.
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Keywords {🔍}

google, scholar, article, pubmed, cas, genes, homeobox, gene, bürglin, evolution, tale, sequence, biol, dev, res, cell, analysis, homeodomain, proteins, genome, meis, protein, research, molecular, drosophila, elegans, prep, access, nature, nucleic, acids, pbx, evol, data, sequences, pbc, human, privacy, cookies, content, information, journal, search, animal, thomas, nematostella, phylogenetic, tgif, open, expression,

Topics {✒️}

month download article/chapter homothorax/meis/prep homolog unc-62 x-linked pbc genes homeodomain transcription factors de la calle-mustienes human proto-oncogene pbx1 gómez-skarmeta jl exd/pbx homologs ceh-20 cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor possessed acute myeloid leukemia genome-wide phylogenetic analysis full article pdf tale homeobox genes rapidly evolving homeobox elegans sequencing consortium meis homeobox genes privacy choices/manage cookies related subjects drosophila tgif proteins deregulated homeobox genes divergent prep protein european economic area hindbrain ground state combined large-subunit homeobox gene expressed vein-forming genes article mukherjee schäffer aa oxford university press molecular cell biology reconstructing phylogenetic trees caenorhabditis elegans hlxb9 homeobox gene homeobox gene cluster extradenticle requires homothorax estimate large phylogenies swedish research council fungal development hox proteins meet nucleic acids res wiley-vch verlag estrogen receptor status diez del corral fernandez-suarez xm visualize protein logos abu-shaar starlet sea anemone clustal_x windows interface heterogeneous selection pressure amino acid sites

Questions {❓}

Bürglin TR (1998a) The PBC domain contains a MEINOX domain: Coevolution of Hox and TALE homeobox genes?

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:TALE homeodomain proteins are an ancient subgroup within the group of homeodomain transcription factors that play important roles in animal, plant, and fungal development. We have extracted the full complement of TALE superclass homeobox genes from the genome projects of seven protostomes, seven deuterostomes, and Nematostella. This was supplemented with TALE homeobox genes from additional species and phylogenetic analyses were carried out with 276 sequences. We found 20 homeobox genes and 4 pseudogenes in humans, 21 genes in mouse, 8 genes in Drosophila, and 5 genes plus one truncated gene in Caenorhabditis elegans. Apart from the previously identified TALE classes MEIS, PBC, IRO, and TGIF, a novel class is identified, termed MOHAWK (MKX). Further, we show that the MEIS class can be divided into two families, PREP and MEIS. Prep genes have previously only been described in vertebrates but are lacking in Drosophila. Here we identify orthologues in other insect taxa as well as in the cnidarian Nematostella. In C. elegans, a divergent Prep protein has lost the homeodomain. Full-length multiple sequence alignment of the protostome and deuterostome sequences allowed us to identify several novel conserved motifs within the MKX, TGIF, and MEIS classes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed fast-evolving PBC class genes; in particular, some X-linked PBC genes in nematodes are subject to rapid evolution. In addition, several instances of gene loss were identified. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis provides a defining framework for the classification of animal TALE homeobox genes and the understanding of their evolution.
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