We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00239-003-2534-2.

Title:
Adaptive Evolution of Scorpion Sodium Channel Toxins | Journal of Molecular Evolution
Description:
Gene duplication followed by positive Darwinian selection is an important evolutionary event at the molecular level, by which a gene can gain new functions. Such an event might have occurred in the evolution of scorpion sodium channel toxin genes (α- and β-groups). To test this hypothesis, a robust statistical method from Yang and co-workers based on the estimation of the nonsynonymous-to-synonymous rate ratio (ω = d N/d S) was performed. The results provide clear statistical evidence for adaptive molecular evolution of scorpion α- and β-toxin genes. A good match between the positively selected sites (evolutionary epitopes) and the putative bioactive surface (functional epitopes) indicates that these sites are most likely involved in functional recognition of sodium channels. Our results also shed light on the importance of the B-loop in the functional diversification of scorpion α- and β-toxins.
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Keywords {🔍}

google, scholar, article, pubmed, cas, scorpion, evolution, sodium, molecular, toxins, yang, channels, mol, adaptive, channel, gene, selection, biol, evol, toxicon, gurevitz, zhu, genes, buthus, structure, gordon, privacy, cookies, content, journal, tytgat, duplication, positive, evolutionary, toxin, sites, functional, access, likelihood, possani, centruroides, froy, zilberberg, site, function, publish, search, darwinian, genetics, bielawski,

Topics {✒️}

wang dc wang recombinant insect-specific α-toxin month download article/chapter likelihood ratio test voltage-gated sodium channels positive darwinian selection na+-channel-blocking toxins peng zh zhu frank bosmans & jan tytgat voltage-gated ion channels short-chain scorpion toxins world’ scorpion β-toxin zhang hf rosenberg cestèle wa catterall evolutionary epitopes corona na valdez-cruz scorpion α-neurotoxin important sodium channel subtypes sodium channel modifiers synonymous rate ratio full article pdf buthus martensii karsch important evolutionary event article zhu mammalian sodium channels scorpion toxins specific detecting adaptive evolution positively selected sites pelhate jc boulain anisimova jp bielawski becerril bm martin adaptive molecular evolution scorpion α-toxins privacy choices/manage cookies maximum likelihood methods recognize na+ channels amino acid sites bolivar ld possani zurita ld possani centruroides sculpturatus ewing heterogeneous selection pressure sodium channel yang jp bielawski molecular evolution aims molecular evolution meets positive selection β-toxin genes alpha scorpion neurotoxin detecting molecular adaptation position-specific deletion

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         headline:Adaptive Evolution of Scorpion Sodium Channel Toxins
         description:Gene duplication followed by positive Darwinian selection is an important evolutionary event at the molecular level, by which a gene can gain new functions. Such an event might have occurred in the evolution of scorpion sodium channel toxin genes (α- and β-groups). To test this hypothesis, a robust statistical method from Yang and co-workers based on the estimation of the nonsynonymous-to-synonymous rate ratio (ω = d N/d S) was performed. The results provide clear statistical evidence for adaptive molecular evolution of scorpion α- and β-toxin genes. A good match between the positively selected sites (evolutionary epitopes) and the putative bioactive surface (functional epitopes) indicates that these sites are most likely involved in functional recognition of sodium channels. Our results also shed light on the importance of the B-loop in the functional diversification of scorpion α- and β-toxins.
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      headline:Adaptive Evolution of Scorpion Sodium Channel Toxins
      description:Gene duplication followed by positive Darwinian selection is an important evolutionary event at the molecular level, by which a gene can gain new functions. Such an event might have occurred in the evolution of scorpion sodium channel toxin genes (α- and β-groups). To test this hypothesis, a robust statistical method from Yang and co-workers based on the estimation of the nonsynonymous-to-synonymous rate ratio (ω = d N/d S) was performed. The results provide clear statistical evidence for adaptive molecular evolution of scorpion α- and β-toxin genes. A good match between the positively selected sites (evolutionary epitopes) and the putative bioactive surface (functional epitopes) indicates that these sites are most likely involved in functional recognition of sodium channels. Our results also shed light on the importance of the B-loop in the functional diversification of scorpion α- and β-toxins.
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