We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf02100221.

Title:
Molecular clock of silent substitution: At least six-fold preponderance of silent changes in mitochondrial genes over those in nuclear genes | Journal of Molecular Evolution
Description:
For each of eleven different types of nuclear genes, comparisons of the protein coding sequences were made between human, mouse and rat pairwisely, and the evolutionary rate of silent substitution, v S nucl. , was estimated. It is shown that the v S nucl. is not only very high (=5.37×10−9/site/yr), but also approximately uniform for different genes regardless of the types, which confirms our previous results (Miyata et al. 1980b). This is in sharp contrast to the rate of protein evolution which differes greatly from protein to protein. Furthermore the v S nucl. is shown to be approximately constant with respect to different divergence times, at least within a short time period (≤75 Myr). Based on these observations, we propose a new molecular clock which has several advantages over a protein clock. Using this clock, we show that the rate of amino acid replacement in the immunoglobulin Ck gene of b4 rabbit is unexpectedly high, almost comparable to the rate of silent changes. This rate may be the highest one for protein evolution that we know so far. We further examine the rate of silent substitutions in mitochondrial genes comparing mouse and rat. Surprisingly the rate is extremely high (≥35×10−9/site/yr), at least 6-times as high as the corresponding rate of nuclear genes. Based on the estimate, we discuss a possible origin of the rapid rate found in mitochondrial DNA.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

Science
Education
Health & Fitness

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month

Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.

check SE Ranking
check Ahrefs
check Similarweb
check Ubersuggest
check Semrush

How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

We can't see how the site brings in money.

Websites don't always need to be profitable; some serve as platforms for education or personal expression. Websites can serve multiple purposes. And this might be one of them. Link.springer.com could be getting rich in stealth mode, or the way it's monetizing isn't detectable.

Keywords {🔍}

google, scholar, pubmed, evolution, genes, sequence, gene, nucleotide, molecular, rate, nature, human, mouse, acad, sci, usa, mitochondrial, miyata, evolutionary, proc, natl, article, protein, sequences, dna, cell, clock, silent, immunoglobulin, mrna, mol, kimura, rat, rabbit, access, structure, evol, wilson, privacy, cookies, content, journal, research, hayashida, high, substitutions, goodman, chain, baxter, martial,

Topics {✒️}

human mitochondrial genome month download article/chapter human β-blobin gene β-globin mrna evolve rabbit α-globin mrna mouse α-amylase genes human ifn-α genes globin intervening sequences related subjects unusual α-globin mouse mitochondrial dna immunoglobulin ck gene human insulin gene mitochondrial dna sequences animal mitochondrial dna chicken preproinsulin gene b4 rabbit access mouse immunoglobulin γl privacy choices/manage cookies mtdna ck gene full article pdf homologous proteins ratk chain genes pre-α-subunit molecular evolutionary clock molecular evolution aims hidenori hayashida & reiko kikuno japan scientific press human chorionic gonadotropin human growth hormone human chorionic somatomammotropin van den berg rabbit kappa chains rat amylase genes proc natl homologous mouse sequence cloned dna complementary adjacent trna genes european economic area short time period slow muscle fibers time-dependent effect de bruijn mhl van etten ra c-terminal half mrna half-life homozygous b4 rabbit rat growth hormone conditions privacy policy mitochondrial dna

Questions {❓}

Fransworth V, Goodfliesh R, Rodkey S, Hood L (1976) Immunoglobulin allotypes of rabbit kappa chains: Polymorphism of a control mechanism regulating closely linked duplicated genes?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Molecular clock of silent substitution: At least six-fold preponderance of silent changes in mitochondrial genes over those in nuclear genes
         description:For each of eleven different types of nuclear genes, comparisons of the protein coding sequences were made between human, mouse and rat pairwisely, and the evolutionary rate of silent substitution, v S nucl. , was estimated. It is shown that the v S nucl. is not only very high (=5.37×10−9/site/yr), but also approximately uniform for different genes regardless of the types, which confirms our previous results (Miyata et al. 1980b). This is in sharp contrast to the rate of protein evolution which differes greatly from protein to protein. Furthermore the v S nucl. is shown to be approximately constant with respect to different divergence times, at least within a short time period (≤75 Myr). Based on these observations, we propose a new molecular clock which has several advantages over a protein clock. Using this clock, we show that the rate of amino acid replacement in the immunoglobulin Ck gene of b4 rabbit is unexpectedly high, almost comparable to the rate of silent changes. This rate may be the highest one for protein evolution that we know so far. We further examine the rate of silent substitutions in mitochondrial genes comparing mouse and rat. Surprisingly the rate is extremely high (≥35×10−9/site/yr), at least 6-times as high as the corresponding rate of nuclear genes. Based on the estimate, we discuss a possible origin of the rapid rate found in mitochondrial DNA.
         datePublished:
         dateModified:
         pageStart:28
         pageEnd:35
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02100221
         keywords:
            Synonymous substitution
            Uniform Rate of Evolution
            Rapid Evolution of mtDNA
            Ck Gene of b4 Rabbit
            Evolutionary Biology
            Microbiology
            Plant Sciences
            Plant Genetics and Genomics
            Animal Genetics and Genomics
            Cell Biology
         image:
         isPartOf:
            name:Journal of Molecular Evolution
            issn:
               1432-1432
               0022-2844
            volumeNumber:19
            type:
               Periodical
               PublicationVolume
         publisher:
            name:Springer-Verlag
            logo:
               url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
               type:ImageObject
            type:Organization
         author:
               name:Takashi Miyata
               affiliation:
                     name:Kyushu University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Hidenori Hayashida
               affiliation:
                     name:Kyushu University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Reiko Kikuno
               affiliation:
                     name:Kyushu University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Masami Hasegawa
               affiliation:
                     name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
                     address:
                        name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Midori Kobayashi
               affiliation:
                     name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
                     address:
                        name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Katsuro Koike
               affiliation:
                     name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
                     address:
                        name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
         isAccessibleForFree:
         hasPart:
            isAccessibleForFree:
            cssSelector:.main-content
            type:WebPageElement
         type:ScholarlyArticle
      context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:Molecular clock of silent substitution: At least six-fold preponderance of silent changes in mitochondrial genes over those in nuclear genes
      description:For each of eleven different types of nuclear genes, comparisons of the protein coding sequences were made between human, mouse and rat pairwisely, and the evolutionary rate of silent substitution, v S nucl. , was estimated. It is shown that the v S nucl. is not only very high (=5.37×10−9/site/yr), but also approximately uniform for different genes regardless of the types, which confirms our previous results (Miyata et al. 1980b). This is in sharp contrast to the rate of protein evolution which differes greatly from protein to protein. Furthermore the v S nucl. is shown to be approximately constant with respect to different divergence times, at least within a short time period (≤75 Myr). Based on these observations, we propose a new molecular clock which has several advantages over a protein clock. Using this clock, we show that the rate of amino acid replacement in the immunoglobulin Ck gene of b4 rabbit is unexpectedly high, almost comparable to the rate of silent changes. This rate may be the highest one for protein evolution that we know so far. We further examine the rate of silent substitutions in mitochondrial genes comparing mouse and rat. Surprisingly the rate is extremely high (≥35×10−9/site/yr), at least 6-times as high as the corresponding rate of nuclear genes. Based on the estimate, we discuss a possible origin of the rapid rate found in mitochondrial DNA.
      datePublished:
      dateModified:
      pageStart:28
      pageEnd:35
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02100221
      keywords:
         Synonymous substitution
         Uniform Rate of Evolution
         Rapid Evolution of mtDNA
         Ck Gene of b4 Rabbit
         Evolutionary Biology
         Microbiology
         Plant Sciences
         Plant Genetics and Genomics
         Animal Genetics and Genomics
         Cell Biology
      image:
      isPartOf:
         name:Journal of Molecular Evolution
         issn:
            1432-1432
            0022-2844
         volumeNumber:19
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:Springer-Verlag
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Takashi Miyata
            affiliation:
                  name:Kyushu University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Hidenori Hayashida
            affiliation:
                  name:Kyushu University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Reiko Kikuno
            affiliation:
                  name:Kyushu University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Masami Hasegawa
            affiliation:
                  name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
                  address:
                     name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Midori Kobayashi
            affiliation:
                  name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
                  address:
                     name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Katsuro Koike
            affiliation:
                  name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
                  address:
                     name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
      isAccessibleForFree:
      hasPart:
         isAccessibleForFree:
         cssSelector:.main-content
         type:WebPageElement
["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]:
      name:Journal of Molecular Evolution
      issn:
         1432-1432
         0022-2844
      volumeNumber:19
Organization:
      name:Springer-Verlag
      logo:
         url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
         type:ImageObject
      name:Kyushu University
      address:
         name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Kyushu University
      address:
         name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Kyushu University
      address:
         name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
         type:PostalAddress
      name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
      address:
         name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
      address:
         name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
      address:
         name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
         type:PostalAddress
ImageObject:
      url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
Person:
      name:Takashi Miyata
      affiliation:
            name:Kyushu University
            address:
               name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Hidenori Hayashida
      affiliation:
            name:Kyushu University
            address:
               name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Reiko Kikuno
      affiliation:
            name:Kyushu University
            address:
               name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Masami Hasegawa
      affiliation:
            name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
            address:
               name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Midori Kobayashi
      affiliation:
            name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
            address:
               name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Katsuro Koike
      affiliation:
            name:Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
            address:
               name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
      name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
      name:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
      name:The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
      name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
      name:Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
WebPageElement:
      isAccessibleForFree:
      cssSelector:.main-content

External Links {🔗}(149)

Analytics and Tracking {📊}

Google Tag Manager

Libraries {📚}

Clipboard.js
Prism.js

CDN Services {📦}

Crossref

4.69s.

LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}