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Title:
Target areas innervated by PACAP-immunoreactive retinal ganglion cells | Cell and Tissue Research
Description:
The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) originates from a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The cells of the RHT co-store the neurotransmitters PACAP and glutamate, which in a complex interplay mediate light information to the circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). These ganglion cells are intrinsically photosensitive probably due to expression of melanopsin, a putative photoreceptor involved in light entrainment. In the present study we examined PACAP-containing retinal projections to the brain using intravitreal injection of the anterograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (ChB) and double immunostaining for PACAP and ChB. Our results show that the PACAP-containing nerve fibres not only constituted the major projections to the SCN and the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus but also had a large terminal field in the olivary pretectal nucleus. The contralateral projection dominated except for the SCN, which showed bilateral innervation. PACAP-containing retinal fibres were also found in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, the anterior and lateral hypothalamic area, the subparaventricular zone, the ventral part of the lateral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus of the optic tract. Retinal projections not previously described in the rat also contained PACAP. These new projections were found in the lateral posterior nucleus, the posterior limitans nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior pretectal nucleus and the posterior and medial pretectal nuclei. Only a few PACAP-containing retinal fibres were found in the superior colliculus. Areas innervated by PACAP-immunoreactive fibres also expressed the PACAP-specific PAC1 receptor as shown by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The findings suggest that PACAP plays a role as neurotransmitter in non-imaging photoperception to target areas in the brain regulating circadian timing, masking, regulation of sleep-wake cycle and pupillary reflex.
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Keywords {🔍}

google, scholar, pubmed, cas, nucleus, article, rat, retinal, pacap, cells, hannibal, brain, neurosci, ganglion, melanopsin, res, retinohypothalamic, tract, fahrenkrug, light, pretectal, pituitary, comp, circadian, adenylate, neurol, projections, lateral, cell, receptor, polypeptide, suprachiasmatic, cholera, toxin, posterior, provencio, science, system, cyclaseactivating, hamster, foster, research, tissue, olivary, peptide, moore, mice, privacy, cookies, content,

Topics {✒️}

month download article/chapter light-induced phase shift hamster wheel-running rhythms image-forming photic responses lateral geniculate-hypothalamic connections pacap-specific pac1 receptor vasoactive intestinal polypeptide rat nervous system vasoactive intestinal peptide phase-shifting effects circadian timing system full article pdf retinal ganglion cells ventrolateral preoptic nucleus tissue research aims central retinal projections privacy choices/manage cookies lateral geniculate complex related subjects nerve fibres lateral hypothalamic area posterior limitans nucleus lateral geniculate nucleus target-specific morphology target areas innervated amacrine cell synapses lateral posterior nucleus article cell melanopsin-knockout mice sleep-wake cycle anterograde axonal tracing suprachiasmatic circadian clock cholera toxin subunit article hannibal retinal axon arbors european economic area pacap-immunoreactive fibres olivary pretectal nucleus pretectal olivary nucleus anterior pretectal nucleus circadian clock located trigeminal nucleus caudalis medial pretectal nuclei jens hannibal direct retinal input mammalian circadian behavior danish biotechnology center hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus lucas rj retino-hypothalamic tract

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         headline:Target areas innervated by PACAP-immunoreactive retinal ganglion cells
         description:The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) originates from a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The cells of the RHT co-store the neurotransmitters PACAP and glutamate, which in a complex interplay mediate light information to the circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). These ganglion cells are intrinsically photosensitive probably due to expression of melanopsin, a putative photoreceptor involved in light entrainment. In the present study we examined PACAP-containing retinal projections to the brain using intravitreal injection of the anterograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (ChB) and double immunostaining for PACAP and ChB. Our results show that the PACAP-containing nerve fibres not only constituted the major projections to the SCN and the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus but also had a large terminal field in the olivary pretectal nucleus. The contralateral projection dominated except for the SCN, which showed bilateral innervation. PACAP-containing retinal fibres were also found in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, the anterior and lateral hypothalamic area, the subparaventricular zone, the ventral part of the lateral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus of the optic tract. Retinal projections not previously described in the rat also contained PACAP. These new projections were found in the lateral posterior nucleus, the posterior limitans nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior pretectal nucleus and the posterior and medial pretectal nuclei. Only a few PACAP-containing retinal fibres were found in the superior colliculus. Areas innervated by PACAP-immunoreactive fibres also expressed the PACAP-specific PAC1 receptor as shown by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The findings suggest that PACAP plays a role as neurotransmitter in non-imaging photoperception to target areas in the brain regulating circadian timing, masking, regulation of sleep-wake cycle and pupillary reflex.
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