We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-008-0523-4.

Title:
Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with clinical cancer stage, metastatic tumor burden, and doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide chemotherapy | Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Description:
Abnormal accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is an important mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) has also been shown in non-tumor bearing animals to cause transient surges in MDSC. Knowledge of MDSC is primarily based on preclinical work, and to date only few published studies have involved cancer patients. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating MDSC levels correlate with clinical cancer stage, CTX-based chemotherapy, and metastatic tumor burden. Whole blood was collected from 106 newly diagnosed solid tumor patients (stages I–IV). Percentages of circulating MDSC (Lin−/Lo, HLA DR−, CD33+CD11b+) were determined prior to initiation of systemic therapy. In 17 early stage breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide chemotherapy every 14 days (ddAC) blood was collected on day 1 of each cycle. Circulating MDSC were significantly increased in cancer patients of all stages relative to healthy volunteers. A significant correlation between circulating MDSC and clinical cancer stage was also observed. Moreover, among stage IV patients, those with extensive metastatic tumor burden had the highest percent and absolute number of MDSC. Significant increases in circulating MDSC were observed with ddAC when compared with pretreatment levels. Circulating MDSC levels correlate with clinical cancer stage, ddAC, and metastatic tumor burden. This information must be incorporated into the design of future trials exploring immune-based therapeutic strategies. Pharmacologic modulation of MDSC should also be tested in future clinical trials.
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Keywords {🔍}

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Topics {✒️}

granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor-secreting myeloid-derived suppressor cells month download article/chapter myeloid suppressor cells immature myeloid cells doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide chemotherapy nitric oxide-producing cd11b ctx-based chemotherapy c-erbb-2 transgenic balb/ intergroup trial c9741/cancer article cancer immunology myeloid progenitor capable myeloid cell differentiation peroxynitrite-driven apoptotic death metastatic tumor burden full article pdf future clinical trials rethinking cancer immunotherapy mac-1+/gr-1+ cells involved cancer patients elizabeth garrett-mayer low-dose cyclophosphamide myeloid cells antitumor immune response article diaz-montero cells access cyclophosphamide-treated mice privacy choices/manage cookies clinical cancer stage antigen-specific inhibition tumor-bearing mice tumor immune evasion tumor bearing animals tumor-bearing animals node positive head dendritic cell differentiation hollings cancer center munoz-fernandez ma stage iv patients cell activation induced postoperative adjuvant treatment el-naggar sa mohamed labib salem enhanced immune response spontaneous mammary carcinomas primarily based 2/neu tolerized mice published studies cd34+ cells cancer patients

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         description:Abnormal accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is an important mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) has also been shown in non-tumor bearing animals to cause transient surges in MDSC. Knowledge of MDSC is primarily based on preclinical work, and to date only few published studies have involved cancer patients. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating MDSC levels correlate with clinical cancer stage, CTX-based chemotherapy, and metastatic tumor burden. Whole blood was collected from 106 newly diagnosed solid tumor patients (stages I–IV). Percentages of circulating MDSC (Lin−/Lo, HLA DR−, CD33+CD11b+) were determined prior to initiation of systemic therapy. In 17 early stage breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide chemotherapy every 14 days (ddAC) blood was collected on day 1 of each cycle. Circulating MDSC were significantly increased in cancer patients of all stages relative to healthy volunteers. A significant correlation between circulating MDSC and clinical cancer stage was also observed. Moreover, among stage IV patients, those with extensive metastatic tumor burden had the highest percent and absolute number of MDSC. Significant increases in circulating MDSC were observed with ddAC when compared with pretreatment levels. Circulating MDSC levels correlate with clinical cancer stage, ddAC, and metastatic tumor burden. This information must be incorporated into the design of future trials exploring immune-based therapeutic strategies. Pharmacologic modulation of MDSC should also be tested in future clinical trials.
         datePublished:2008-04-30T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2008-04-30T00:00:00Z
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            Breast cancer
            Cancer
            Cyclophosphamide
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            Immunology
            Cancer Research
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      description:Abnormal accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is an important mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) has also been shown in non-tumor bearing animals to cause transient surges in MDSC. Knowledge of MDSC is primarily based on preclinical work, and to date only few published studies have involved cancer patients. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating MDSC levels correlate with clinical cancer stage, CTX-based chemotherapy, and metastatic tumor burden. Whole blood was collected from 106 newly diagnosed solid tumor patients (stages I–IV). Percentages of circulating MDSC (Lin−/Lo, HLA DR−, CD33+CD11b+) were determined prior to initiation of systemic therapy. In 17 early stage breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin–cyclophosphamide chemotherapy every 14 days (ddAC) blood was collected on day 1 of each cycle. Circulating MDSC were significantly increased in cancer patients of all stages relative to healthy volunteers. A significant correlation between circulating MDSC and clinical cancer stage was also observed. Moreover, among stage IV patients, those with extensive metastatic tumor burden had the highest percent and absolute number of MDSC. Significant increases in circulating MDSC were observed with ddAC when compared with pretreatment levels. Circulating MDSC levels correlate with clinical cancer stage, ddAC, and metastatic tumor burden. This information must be incorporated into the design of future trials exploring immune-based therapeutic strategies. Pharmacologic modulation of MDSC should also be tested in future clinical trials.
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      dateModified:2008-04-30T00:00:00Z
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         Immature myeloid cells
         Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
         Breast cancer
         Cancer
         Cyclophosphamide
         Tumor burden
         Cytokines
         PBMC
         T cells
         Oncology
         Immunology
         Cancer Research
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