We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050043.

Title:
Origins and evolutionary diversification of the nuclear receptor superfamily | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Description:
Nuclear receptors (NRs), which include those for steroid and thyroid hormones as well as retinoids, are encoded by a large gene superfamily that has evolved to regulate nearly every facet of metazoan life, from development to basic metabolism. This article reviews the conservation in structure and function of distinct receptors across different species and attempts to draw conclusions as to the evolution of this gene superfamily. Although sequences related to NRs can be found in plants and yeast, gene sequence analyses suggest that the NR ancestor(s) first appeared in the early metazoans and subsequently diversified into the six receptor sub-families, which were already recognisable at the time of the Arthropoda-Chordata split over 700 million years ago. At the time when a primitive NR emerged, the basic components of the transcription regulatory machinery, which are conserved from yeast to vertebrates, were already in place and the ancestral NR must have evolved with the ability to communicate with them. The first such NRs likely acted as monomers and in a ligand-independent fashion. As members of the NR superfamily acquired the ability to hetero- and homodimerise, and to bind and be regulated by ligands, the functional complexity of the NR superfamily increased. This exponentially increasing complexity subsequently provided a potential driving force for evolution of higher organisms by supplying a sophisticated regulatory gene network that could control complex physiological processes during development and in adult organisms.
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Keywords {🔍}

article, receptors, superfamily, access, privacy, cookies, content, research, nuclear, receptor, information, publish, search, life, gene, data, log, journal, molecular, cmls, owen, zelent, nrs, development, basic, evolution, related, yeast, open, discover, springer, function, optional, personal, parties, policy, find, track, cellular, sciences, origins, evolutionary, diversification, cite, explore, steroid, evolved, subsequently, time, regulatory,

Topics {✒️}

month download article/chapter nuclear receptors privacy choices/manage cookies full article pdf nuclear receptor superfamily transcription regulatory machinery large gene superfamily european economic area scope submit manuscript distinct receptors arthropoda-chordata split ligand-independent fashion potential driving force chester beatty laboratories london sw3 6jb conditions privacy policy primitive nr emerged nr superfamily acquired nr superfamily increased accepting optional cookies article cellular related subjects journal finder publish check access instant access cancer research gene superfamily article log article reviews metazoan life life sci privacy policy personal data subsequently diversified functional complexity books a article cite sequences related article owen optional cookies manage preferences access subscription content similar content data protection essential cookies cookies skip nr ancestor ancestral nr institution subscribe

Schema {🗺️}

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         headline:Origins and evolutionary diversification of the nuclear receptor superfamily
         description: Nuclear receptors (NRs), which include those for steroid and thyroid hormones as well as retinoids, are encoded by a large gene superfamily that has evolved to regulate nearly every facet of metazoan life, from development to basic metabolism. This article reviews the conservation in structure and function of distinct receptors across different species and attempts to draw conclusions as to the evolution of this gene superfamily. Although sequences related to NRs can be found in plants and yeast, gene sequence analyses suggest that the NR ancestor(s) first appeared in the early metazoans and subsequently diversified into the six receptor sub-families, which were already recognisable at the time of the Arthropoda-Chordata split over 700 million years ago. At the time when a primitive NR emerged, the basic components of the transcription regulatory machinery, which are conserved from yeast to vertebrates, were already in place and the ancestral NR must have evolved with the ability to communicate with them. The first such NRs likely acted as monomers and in a ligand-independent fashion. As members of the NR superfamily acquired the ability to hetero- and homodimerise, and to bind and be regulated by ligands, the functional complexity of the NR superfamily increased. This exponentially increasing complexity subsequently provided a potential driving force for evolution of higher organisms by supplying a sophisticated regulatory gene network that could control complex physiological processes during development and in adult organisms.
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            Key words. Metazoa; arthopod; nematode; HOX genes; retinoic acid; steroid receptor; chromosome; genome duplication; phylogenetic tree; development.
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      headline:Origins and evolutionary diversification of the nuclear receptor superfamily
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      dateModified:
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         Key words. Metazoa; arthopod; nematode; HOX genes; retinoic acid; steroid receptor; chromosome; genome duplication; phylogenetic tree; development.
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         general
         Life Sciences
         Biochemistry
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