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We began analyzing https://elifesciences.org/articles/27713, but it redirected us to https://elifesciences.org/articles/27713. The analysis below is for the second page.

Title[redir]:
Environmental cystine drives glutamine anaplerosis and sensitizes cancer cells to glutaminase inhibition | eLife
Description:
Cancer cells need to consume certain nutrients in order to grow, and some cancer drugs work by affecting the ability of the cells to use these nutrients. For decades researchers have grown cancer cells in petri dishes with standard nutrient formulations (also known as tissue culture), but the nutrients available to cancer cells in tissue culture are not the same as those found in the body. Cancer cells growing in tissue culture consume large amounts of a nutrient called glutamine. These cells die when exposed to a class of drugs called glutaminase inhibitors that prevent them from processing glutamine. However, when these same cancer cells grow as tumors in animals, they process less glutamine and are not affected by glutaminase inhibitors. So what differences are there between growing cancer cells in tumors and tissue culture that explain this different reliance on glutamine? Muir et al. reasoned that changing the levels of nutrients available to cancer cells might change what these cells consume, and so grew human cancer cells in cow serum (which has a similar nutrient content to blood in humans and other mammals). Indeed, these cells consumed less glutamine and responded to glutaminase inhibitors in a way that is similar to how tumors in the body respond to these drugs. Comparing the nutrient content of cow serum and typical tissue culture formulations revealed that high levels of the nutrient cystine cause the cells to rely more on glutamine. The results presented by Muir et al. suggest that cancer cells in tumors could be made to consume more glutamine and that this would make them sensitive to glutaminase inhibitors – a possibility that will be studied in future work. Exposing cultured cancer cells to nutrient levels closer to those found in the body may also better predict how tumor cells use nutrients and respond to some treatments.

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Keywords {🔍}

glutamine, cells, figure, cell, cancer, serum, cystine, scholar, adult, bovine, google, pubmed, rpmi, levels, glutaminase, anaplerosis, tca, cycle, tumors, metabolism, glutamate, cultured, culture, amino, lines, expression, media, xctslca, increased, metabolites, proliferation, vivo, supplement, acids, slca, tumor, carbon, plasma, nutrients, human, research, differences, dependence, tissue, dmem, min, data, acid, analysis, labeling,

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barretina ccr 007 download elife-27713-fig1-data1-v2 008 download elife-27713-fig1-data2-v2 009 download elife-27713-fig1-data3-v2 010 download elife-27713-fig1-data4-v2 013 download elife-27713-fig2-data1-v2 014 download elife-27713-fig2-data2-v2 019 download elife-27713-fig3-data1-v2 025 download elife-27713-fig4-data1-v2 027 download elife-27713-fig5-data1-v2 hhmi faculty scholar van den heuvel marin-valencia irdye-conjugated anti-mouse reactive oxygen species dana-farber cancer institute kinetic [u-13c5]glutamine labeling gov/geo/query/acc mass isotopomer distributions cystine/glutamate antiporter xct/slc7a11 glutamate/cystine antiporter xct/slc7a11 davies traced [u-13c5]glutamine fate ysi-2900d biochemistry analyzer xct-specific pet probes vander heiden stand vander heiden lab major tri-carboxylic acid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry gov/ct2/show/nct02071862 xct/slc7a11 expression correlates assessing xct/slc7a11 expression xct/slc7a11 expression triggered sensitizes vhl-deficient cells [u-13c5]glutamine tracer n-tertbutyldimethylsilyl-n-methyltrifluoroacetamide liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry adult bovine serum† [µm] tumor-bearing mice underwent cystine-induced glutamine anaplerosis [u-13c5]glutamine labeling fragment-based discovery journal increased xct/slc7a11 expression xct/slc7a11 expression increased rescue xct/slc7a11 expression genotype i-ii journal schug higher xct/slc7a11 expression high xct/slc7a11 expression

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How might exogenous cystine regulate the contribution of glutamine carbon to the TCA cycle?
So what differences are there between growing cancer cells in tumors and tissue culture that explain this different reliance on glutamine?

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ScholarlyArticle:
      context:https://schema.org
      mainEntityOfPage:
         type:WebPage
         id:https://elifesciences.org/articles/27713
      headline:Environmental cystine drives glutamine anaplerosis and sensitizes cancer cells to glutaminase inhibition
      datePublished:2017-08-15
      author:
            type:Person
            name:Alexander Muir
            type:Person
            name:Laura V Danai
            type:Person
            name:Dan Y Gui
            type:Person
            name:Chiara Y Waingarten
            type:Person
            name:Caroline A Lewis
            type:Person
            name:Matthew G Vander Heiden
      publisher:
         type:Organization
         name:eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
         logo:
            type:ImageObject
            url:https://elifesciences.org/assets/patterns/img/patterns/organisms/[email protected]
      keywords:
         cancer
         metabolism
         environment
         glutaminase
         cystine
         SLC7A11
      about:
         Cancer Biology
      description:Cell culture models widely used in cancer research do not reflect metabolism in tumors; by altering culture systems to better model tumor metabolism we find that environmental cystine promotes tumor glutamine metabolism.
      isPartOf:
         type:Periodical
         name:eLife
         issn:2050-084X
WebPage:
      id:https://elifesciences.org/articles/27713
Person:
      name:Alexander Muir
      name:Laura V Danai
      name:Dan Y Gui
      name:Chiara Y Waingarten
      name:Caroline A Lewis
      name:Matthew G Vander Heiden
Organization:
      name:eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
      logo:
         type:ImageObject
         url:https://elifesciences.org/assets/patterns/img/patterns/organisms/[email protected]
ImageObject:
      url:https://elifesciences.org/assets/patterns/img/patterns/organisms/[email protected]
Periodical:
      name:eLife
      issn:2050-084X

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